普适道路还是隐形门槛?不同类型乡村旅游发展路径的外源因素

在乡村振兴新时代,审慎选择适宜的乡村旅游发展道路成为重要的实践和学术问题。以全国乡村旅游重点村为例,基于“起点—动力”假说,利用地理分析方法探讨不同类型乡村旅游发展路径的外源因素。研究发现：（1）全国乡村旅游发展东南热、西北冷,形成京津和长三角两大热点区。景区依附型、文化遗产型、新型三农型空间分布差异显著。（2）高程、地貌、水系、生态地理分区、陆地生态系统类型、中心城市和交通干道是影响不同类型乡村旅游发展路径的自然基础与地理区位外源因素。（3）不同类型乡村旅游发展路径的社会经济外源因素不同：景区依附型为高级景区数量和公路客运量;文化遗产型为国家传统村落数量、A级景区数量和公路客运量;新型三农型为地区第三产业产值、人均可支配收入、旅游人次、公路客运量、城镇化率和政府政策。乡村旅游并不是普适道路,资源赋存决定不同的旅游发展路径,并需要不同的隐性外源因素支持方能持续发展。

Universal road or invisible threshold? Exogenous factors in different development paths of rural tourism

China has entered a new era of rural revitalization, and rural tourism has become a new development path focused by multi-stakeholder. How to carefully evaluate and choose a suitable rural tourism development path has become an important practical and academic issue. This study takes the key rural tourism villages in China as an example, based on the hypothesis of "Origin-Dynamics", and uses geographic analysis methods to explore the exogenous factors of different development paths of rural tourism. The research found that: (1) Rural tourism develops rapidly in southeastern China but slowly in northwestern China, forming two hot spots of the Beijing-Tianjin region and the Yangtze River Delta. The scenic-dependent type presents two hotspots of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the Yangtze River Delta, and three sub-hotspots of the Yangtze River Basin, the Bohai Rim and the Hainan Island; the cultural heritage-based types are concentrated in areas of Jiangnan water village culture, Central China Plains culture and Loess Plateau culture, and Lingnan culture; the new agriculture, rural areas and farmers types form the hottest area in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and Yangtze River Delta, and secondary hot spots in the three major agricultural production areas of the Sichuan Basin, the Lanzhou-Xining Urban Agglomeration and the North China Plain. (2) Elevation, landforms, water systems, eco-geographical divisions, types of terrestrial ecosystems, central cities, and arterial roads are the natural geographic exogenous factors that affect different development paths of rural tourism. (3) The social and economic exogenous factors of different development paths of rural tourism are significantly different: the number of high-level scenic spots and the highway passenger carrying capacity in the scenic-dependent types; the number of national traditional villages, the number of A-level scenic spots and the highway passenger carrying capacity in the cultural heritage-based types; the regional tertiary industry output value, per capita disposable income, tourist arrivals, highway passenger traffic, urbanization rate, and government policies in the new agriculture, rural areas and farmers types. Rural tourism is not a universal road. The existence of resources determines different tourism development paths and requires the support of different hidden exogenous factors for sustainable development.