农业生产转型及其环境效应的研究进展与展望

农业绿色转型已经成为乡村振兴与农业农村深化改革的关键路径,亟待探索农业生产转型与其环境效应的耦合关系与机制,从而推进农业的高质量发展。近年来,学者们基于不同的空间尺度,对农业生产转型及其环境效应的过程、格局、机理与优化调控开展了广泛探讨。为系统梳理该方面研究的相关进展,识别出相应的研究不足,本文采用文献分析与系统归纳相结合的方法,分析了农业生态环境问题的识别、测度与成因等方面的研究态势,从关键要素的视角解析了农业生产转型对生态环境影响的研究进展,并对农业经济增长与农业面源污染和农业生产转型与农业生态效率的相互关系进行了总结。研究指出：未来农业生产转型及其环境效应研究应加强从系统科学的视角解读二者的互馈关系,并关注二者互馈响应的区域异质性,深化基于土地系统科学视角的耕地利用转型的环境影响研究,通过多学科交叉融合加强对中国特色“小农”生产方式转型所引发的环境问题的微观机理探析。

Agricultural production transition and its environmental effects: Research progress and prospect

The green transformation of agriculture has become an inevitable choice of rural vitalization and agricultural/rural reforms, therefore, it is urgent to explore the relationship between agricultural production transition and its environmental effects, and fuel the high-quality development. In recent years, the process, spatio-temporal pattern and the mechanism of agricultural production transition and its environmental effects have been intensively investigated and discussed at multiple scales. In order to systematically review the progress and garner the research gaps, literature analysis was used to summarize the state-of-the-arts. Finally, this paper provided an overview of the research progress from the perspective of key elements of agricultural production, and then summarized the research progress of the environmental effects from three aspects - the identification of agricultural environmental problems, the relations between agricultural production transition and non-point source pollution, and agro-ecological efficiency. Future research of agricultural production transition and its environmental effects should be focused on explaining the mutual relations from system science, underlining the regional heterogeneity, enriching the farmland use transition research by applying land system science, and highlighting the micro-mechanism of the environmental response from the perspective of small-holding peasants in China.