易地扶贫搬迁对西藏典型迁入村可持续发展的影响

基于联合国2030年可持续发展目标（UN-SDGs）,融入生态系统服务,建立了面向易地扶贫搬迁政策的村落和农牧户尺度可持续发展评价指标体系,定量分析了西藏典型易地扶贫搬迁迁入村——白朗村及村内农牧户在搬迁前后可持续发展目标实现状况变化。结果表明：在村落尺度,易地扶贫搬迁实施后迁入村在消除贫困（SDG 1）、能源可持续（SDG 7）和可持续住区（SDG 11）三项目标下的可持续发展指标数值较搬迁前显著增加,但可持续发展指数总分降低2.91%;易地扶贫搬迁政策直接影响的农牧户收入、用水和交通等可持续发展指标的可持续发展指数贡献率从49.4%增加至54.23%,但政策间接影响的生态系统相关的指标,其可持续发展指数贡献率由50.6%降低至45.77%;在农牧户尺度,易地扶贫搬迁显著促进了搬迁农牧户消除贫困（SDG 1）和体面工作（SDG 8）目标的实现,且在村落资源总量有限、大量人口迁入的情况下原住农牧户各项可持续发展指标依然稳定增长。研究为白朗村搬迁后的管理和投入工作提供方向,并为未来其他地区搬迁工作中的土地利用规划制定和迁入人口数量的确定提供思路。

The impact of poverty alleviation resettlement on the sustainable development of typical immigrated village in Tibet

Based on the UN 2030 sustainable development goals (UN SDGs) and integrated with ecosystem services, this study established an evaluation index system of sustainable development of villages, farmers and herdsmen for poverty alleviation resettlement, and quantitatively analyzed the changes of Bailang village and farmers and herdsmen before and after the resettlement in the realization of sustainable development goals. The results show that: at the village scale, after the implementation of the resettlement, the sustainable development index values of the immigrated villages under the three goals of poverty eradication (SDG 1), energy sustainability (SDG 7) and sustainable settlements (SDG 11) increased significantly, but the total score of the sustainable development index decreased by 2.91%. The contribution rate of sustainable development index of income, water use and transportation of farmers and herdsmen directly affected by the relocation policy increased from 49.40% to 54.23%, while that of ecosystem related index indirectly affected by the Poverty Alleviation Resettlement decreased from 50.60% to 45.77%. At the scale of farmers and herdsmen, the poverty alleviation resettlement significantly promoted the realization of poverty eradication (SDG 1) and decent work (SDG 8) for relocated farmers and herdsmen, and the sustainable development indicators of indigenous farmers and herdsmen still increased steadily with limited village resources and large population migration. The study provides the guidance for the management and input work after the resettlement of Bailang village, and ideas for the formulation of land use planning and the determination of the number of immigrants in other areas in the future.