Cysteine- and glutathione-mediated uptake of lead and cadmium into Zea mays and Brassica napus roots |
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| Authors: | Timothy M Vadas Beth A Ahner |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand;2. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;3. Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand;1. Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan;2. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Jalal Put Jattan Road, Gujrat, Pakistan;3. Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;4. Department of Plant and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia;5. Department of Botany, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan;1. Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People''s Republic of China;2. Technical Extension Station of Soil Fertilizer and Rural Energy, Qujiang, Quzhou, People''s Republic of China;3. University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, United States |
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| Abstract: | This study examines a new mechanism for the uptake of Pb and Cd into Brassica napus and Zea mays roots. During hydroponic experiments, the uptake of Pb and Cd was enhanced in the presence of cysteine and glutathione, whereas no or very low uptake was observed in EDTA and penicillamine controls. Uptake rates were also enhanced after pre-exposure to cysteine or glutathione and inhibited in the presence of vanadate, suggesting a biological mechanism of uptake. Increasing concentrations of glutathione in solution resulted in decreasing Pb uptake rates, indicating competition for transport between free-glutathione and Pb–glutathione species. Pb uptake in the presence of increasing cysteine concentrations resulted in decreased uptake initially but linearly increasing uptake at higher concentrations. Experimentation showed concentration dependent Pb uptake rates. We speculate that there are specific transporters for these thiol ligands and describe what barriers remain for application of this novel transport mechanism in chelator-assisted phytoremediation. |
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