An investigation on the physical,chemical and ecotoxicological characteristics of particulate matter emitted from light-duty vehicles |
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| Authors: | Elias Vouitsis Leonidas Ntziachristos Panayiotis Pistikopoulos Zissis Samaras Loukia Chrysikou Constantini Samara Chrysi Papadimitriou Petros Samaras George Sakellaropoulos |
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| Institution: | 1. Istituto di Scienze dell''Atmosfera e del Clima, ISAC-CNR, Lecce, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy;3. Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, IRSA-CNR, Bari, Italy;1. Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Environment, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;2. Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain;1. Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;2. Department of Physics, IMARENAB, University of León, 24071 León, Spain;3. Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Research Council, Barcelona, Spain;1. Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal;2. Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal;3. Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, Mainz 55128, Germany;4. ISEL-IPL, Lisbon College of Engineering, Polytechnical Institute of Lisbon, R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, Lisboa 1959-007, Portugal;5. Centre for Structural Chemistry (CQE), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | Particulate matter (PM) emitted from three light-duty vehicles was studied in terms of its physicochemical and ecotoxicological character using Microtox® bioassay tests. A diesel vehicle equipped with an oxidation catalyst emitted PM which consisted of carbon species at over 97%. PM from a diesel vehicle with a particle filter (DPF) consisted of almost equal amounts of carbon species and ions, while a gasoline vehicle emitted PM consisting of ～90% carbon and ～10% ions. Both the DPF and the gasoline vehicles produced a distinct nucleation mode at 120 km/h. The PM emitted from the DPF and the gasoline vehicles was less ecotoxic than that of conventional diesel, but not in direct proportion to the emission levels of the different vehicles. These results indicate that PM emission reductions are not equally translated into ecotoxicity reductions, implying some deficiencies on the actual environmental impact of emission control technologies and regulations. |
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