浅析盐雾环境对火工药剂安定性能的影响

目的 获取海洋生态环境条件下火工药剂性能变化的规律，开展火工药剂在盐雾环境中的安定性试验研究，以保障火工药剂的可靠性。方法 通过SEM成像技术和X–射线衍射技术表征2种典型起爆药叠氮化铅(Lead Azide,LA)和斯蒂芬酸铅(Lead Styphnate,LS)在盐雾试验前后微观形貌及组分的变化，并结合DSC热分析技术，从热分解动力学角度，开展火工药剂在盐雾环境影响下失效机理的研究。结果 在盐雾环境应力的影响下，LA的长柱状晶体结构发生脆化，层裂成不规则的小片状晶型，且随着盐雾试验时间的增加，LA的热分解反应峰会逐渐前移，试验后产物组分只有Pb(OH)Cl，其本质安定性显著下降。LS受盐雾环境应力的影响，其棱柱状晶体结构会层裂为小片状晶型，且部分LS分解形成Pb₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂，导致其安定性降低。结论 2种典型火工药剂LA和LS受盐雾环境应力因素的影响，都会发生失效分解反应，与LA相比，LS在盐雾环境下具有更加稳定的安定性能。

Effects of Salt Spray Environment on Stabilizing Property of Pyrotechnic Agents

The work aims to obtain the change rule on the properties of pyrotechnic agents under marine ecological environment, and conduct study about the stability test of pyrotechnic agents in salt spray environment to ensure the reliability of pyrotechnic agents. The microscopic morphology and composition changes of two typical primary explosives, lead azide (LA) and lead styphnate (LS) before and after the salt spray test were characterized by SEM imaging technology and X-ray diffraction technology. The failure mechanism of pyrotechnic agents under the effects of salt spray environment was studied from the perspective of thermal decomposition kinetics by DSC. Under the effects of salt spray environmental stress, the long columnar crystal structure of LA was embrittled and cracked into irregular small flaky crystals. Moreover, the thermal decomposition reaction peak of LA gradually moved forward with the increase of salt spray test time. After the test, the product component was Pb(OH)Cl, and its intrinsic stability decreased; Under the effects of salt spray environmental stress, its prismatic crystal structure was stratified into small flake crystal, and part of LS decomposed into Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2, resulting in a significant decrease on its intrinsic stability. Two typical pyrotechnic agents, LA and LS, are affected by the stress factors of the salt spray environment, and both will undergo failure decomposition reactions. Compared with LA, LS is more stable in the salt spray environment.