Use of scalp hair as indicator of human exposure to heavy metals in an electronic waste recycling area |
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| Authors: | Thanh Wang Jianjie Fu Yawei Wang Chunyang Liao Yongqing Tao Guibin Jiang |
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| Institution: | 1. Clinical Research Unit, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany;2. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;3. Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG13, Legon, Ghana;4. Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany;5. GIZ — Regional Coordination Unit for HIV & TB (GiZ-ReCHT), 32 Cantonment Crescent, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana;6. Department of Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;7. Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schillerstr. 25/29, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;1. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan;2. Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, 2474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-2474, USA;3. School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China;1. Universidad de Alcalá, Unidad de Toxicología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Crta. Madrid–Barcelona Km, 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;2. Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Finca el Encín, Crta. Madrid–Barcelona Km, 38.2, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Scalp hair samples were collected at an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling area and analyzed for trace elements and heavy metals. Elevated levels were found for Cu and Pb with geometric means (GMs) at 39.8 and 49.5 μg/g, and the levels of all elements were found in the rank order Pb > Cu ? Mn > Ba > Cr > Ni > Cd > As > V. Besides Cu and Pb, Cd (GM: 0.518 μg/g) was also found to be significantly higher compared to that in hair samples from control areas. Differences with age, gender, residence status and villages could be distinguished for most of the elements. The high levels of Cd, Cu and Pb were likely found to be originated from e-waste related activities, and specific sources were discussed. This study shows that human scalp hair could be a useful biomarker to assess the extent of heavy metal exposure to workers and residents in areas with intensive e-waste recycling activities. |
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