Modeling linkages between sediment resuspension and water quality in a shallow,eutrophic, wind-exposed lake |
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| Authors: | Eu Gene Chung Fabián A Bombardelli S Geoffrey Schladow |
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| Institution: | 1. Taihu Lake Laboratory Ecosystem Research Station, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;2. Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark;3. Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, NC 28557, United States;4. College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;5. Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China;6. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. Dept. Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7216, USA;2. Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7R 4A6, Canada;1. Department of Cvil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA;2. School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand |
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| Abstract: | The interactions between bed sediments and the water column in shallow, eutrophic lakes have tremendous implications for the fate and transport of nutrients in those water bodies. This has resulted in the development of water quality models for lakes incorporating the processes of sediment resuspension. Reliable resuspension models are thus needed to accurately represent this phenomenon. In this paper, three different sediment-resuspension models are combined with a hydrodynamic and water quality model, dynamic lake model-water quality (DLM-WQ), and the resulting models are used to simulate nutrient distributions in the highly eutrophic Salton Sea, California, USA. One of the resuspension formulas is based upon sediment characteristics as well as the bed shear stress exerted by wind-induced waves and currents, while the other two are standard, power-law-type formulas for cohesive sediments with two different exponents. The outputs for water quality variables, such as temperature, chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen and nutrients, obtained from the three resulting models and from an earlier DLM-WQ run with a simple empirical sediment-resuspension model are compared with measured data. The level of agreement between the simulations and the measured data is assessed by using both statistical and graphical model evaluation methods, including measures of residual errors, sample autocorrelations, t-tests, and box plots. Based on these assessments, DLM-WQ with an extended version of the García and Parker García, M.H., Parker, G., 1993. Experiments on the entrainment of sediment into suspension by a dense bottom current. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans 98, 4793–4807] relationship gave the best results for water quality in the Salton Sea, confirming that the use of formulas with more information on the sediment characteristics yields more accurate results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort to combine water quality models for lakes and reservoirs with a sediment-resuspension model which was originally intended for open-channel flows. The simulations confirm that sediment resuspension is the most dominant process in the Salton Sea's nutrient cycling. The effect of proposed physical changes to the Salton Sea on water quality characteristics is also addressed. |
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