Modelling carbon storage in highly fragmented and human-dominated landscapes: Linking land-cover patterns and ecosystem models |
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| Authors: | D.T. Robinson D.G. Brown W.S. Currie |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;2. Key Laboratory of Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China;3. Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States;1. IBIMET-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy;2. LaMMA Consortium, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy;3. ISE-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy;1. Key Laboratory of Efficient Irrigation-Drainage and Agricultural Soil–Water Environment in Southern China, Ministry of Education, College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;3. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100100, China;1. Australian Museum, 6 College St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia;2. Australian Wetlands, Rivers and Landscapes Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia;3. University of Technology, Sydney, School of the Environment, PO Box 123 Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia;1. Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA;2. Norwest Corporation, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2G 4Y5;3. Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;1. Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, PO Box 1553, D-49356 Vechta, Germany;2. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK;3. Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-West of EMEP, The Norwegian Meteorological Institute, PO Box 43-Blindern, N-0313 Oslo, Norway |
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| Abstract: | To extend coupled human–environment systems research and include the ecological effects of land-use and land-cover change and policy scenarios, we present an analysis of the effects of forest patch size and shape and landscape pattern on carbon storage estimated by BIOME-BGC. We evaluate the effects of including within-patch and landscape-scale heterogeneity in air temperature on carbon estimates using two modelling experiments. In the first, we combine fieldwork, spatial analysis, and BIOME-BGC at a 15-m resolution to estimate carbon storage in the highly fragmented and human-dominated landscape of Southeastern Michigan, USA. In the second, we perform the same analysis on 12 hypothetical landscapes that differ only in their degree of fragmentation. For each experiment we conduct four air-temperature treatments, three guided by field-based data and one empirically informed by local National Weather Service station data. The three field data sets were measured (1) exterior to a forest patch, (2) from the patch edge inward to 60 m on east-, south-, and west-facing aspects, separately, and (3) interior to that forest patch. Our field-data analysis revealed a decrease in maximum air temperature from the forest patch edge to a depth of 80 m. Within-patch air-temperature values were significantly different (α = 0.01) among transects (c.v. = 13.28) and for all measurement locations (c.v. = 30.58). Results from the first experiment showed that the interior treatment underestimated carbon storage by ～8000 Mg C and the exterior treatment overestimated carbon storage by 30,000 Mg C within Dundee Township, Southeastern Michigan, when compared to a treatment that included within-patch heterogeneity. In the second experiment we found a logarithmic increase in carbon storage with increasing fragmentation (r2 = 0.91). While a number of other processes (e.g. altered disturbance frequency or severity) remain to be included in future experiments, this combined field and modelling study clearly demonstrated that the inclusion of within-patch and landscape heterogeneity, and landscape fragmentation, each have a strong effect on forest carbon cycling and storage as simulated by a widely used ecosystem process model. |
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