我国危险化学品重大危险源安全监管存在问题及建议

近些年发生的一些危险化学品重大事故和石化项目的群体性事件暴露出我国重大危险源监管体系还存在很多问题。对我国和欧美在重大危险源安全监管进行对比分析，总结出我国重大危险源安全监管存在几方面问题。重大危险源的土地利用规划未纳入城市规划控制程序；重大危险源建设项目公众参与不足；部分法规对一般危险化学品企业安全监管要求过高，重点不突出；某些安全监管提法相互重复、混乱；政府监管和企业管理界限不清晰；缺乏安全监察程序、指南，安全监察落实不到位；对化工园区安全发展认识不足。在吸收、借鉴美国和欧洲发达国家在重大危险源管理方面的经验和良好做法基础上，提出相对应的措施建议。政府部门应加快重大危险源的立法工作，在制定重大危险源的相关法规和政策时应科学、合理。

Problems and suggestions of safety supervision of dangerous chemicals major hazard in China

In recent years, some major chemical accidents and gourp events of petrochemical project happened exposes there are a lot of problems in Chinese major hazards supervision system. This paper analyses the concept of major hazard, and compares the safety management of major hazard in our country with that in Europe and the United States. Some problems are summarized as follow. The land use planning of major hazard is not brought into urban planning control procedure. Public can not participate opinions in the construction project of major hazard. There is no enough different on safety supervision between general chemical plants and major hazard. Some regulatory provisions are contradictory and confused. The boundary of government supervision and enterprises management is not clear. Safety supervision procedure and guideline of major hazard is absent, compliance inspection is not practicable and awareness on development and safety of chemical industry park is lack. In the absorption and reference in major hazard management experience and good practices in developed countries the United States and Europe, put forward some measures and suggestions. the government should speed up the legislation in dangerous chemicals major hazards, ensure scientific, reasonable related regulations and policies.