长江源自然保护区生态环境状况及功能区划分

长江源区是长江流域的特殊生态功能区 ,也是我国最重要的生态功能区之一。其生态环境的好坏 ,不仅关系到当地人民的生存与发展 ,而且会影响整个长江流域的可持续发展。简要介绍了长江源区的基本概况 ,分析了源区目前存在冰川退缩、冻土退化、草场退化、土地沙化、湖泊萎缩、生物多样性遭受破坏等主要生态环境问题。造成这种状况的有自然因素 ,也有人为因素 ,自然原因占主导地位 ,而人为因素加剧了生态环境的恶化。赞成在长江源区建立国家级自然保护区 ,提出了建设长江源自然保护区功能区的思想 ,认为保护区应重点保护水源地、生物多样性和特殊生态系统。在野外调查的基础上 ,建议将保护区划分成 5个核心区 ,3个缓冲区和 2个实验区。核心区生物多样性最丰富 ,生态系统的代表性最强 ,水源涵养作用最大 ,生态系统受人类干扰和破坏程度最小。

ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE NATURE PRESERVEOF THE SOURCE REGION OF CHANGJIANGRIVER WITH THE DELINEATION OF ITSECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING ZONES

The source region of the Changjiang River is a area with special ecological functions in the river basin and one of the most important ecological functional areas in China. The ecological environment in the source region has considerable impact not only on the local development but also on the sustainable development of the whole Changjiang River Basin. The authors give a brief introduction about the source region, analyze the existing ecological problems such as glacier retreat, lake withdrawal, grassland degeneration, land desertation and biodiversity reduction.It is necessary for the central government to establish the nature preserve in the source region,provide the guideline and ways to delimit the ecological functioning zones and divide the nature preserve into 5 core zones, 3 buffer zones and 2 experimental zones. Much attention should be paid to core zones of the nature preserve.