降尘、酸雨及其复合污染对蔬菜产量和品质的影响

盆栽试验结果表明，降尘、酸雨可降低酸性紫色土莴笋茎、叶鲜重３．９％—１４．４％；复合污染对莴笋的减产量增大，且以酸性紫色土为高，降尘、酸雨对蔬菜的促长作用使莴笋早衰减产、小白菜增产。酸性紫色土各处理较对照明显提高两种蔬菜叶细胞透性（电导值、Ｋ~＋外渗增量达９．５％—１２７．７％），作物种类间变化规律不同。复合污染明显使两种蔬菜Ｖ_ｃ和水溶性氨基酸降低、莴笋硝酸盐增高，蔬菜品质变劣。，酸性土ｒ＝０．９６４６－０．９７３９）。同产量结果相似，酸性紫色土上蔬菜的根重绝对量大大低于石灰性紫色土。可见在ｐＨ５．２的酸性紫色土上不宜种植抗逆（酸）性差的蔬菜作物，尤其是在降尘－酸雨复合污染条件下更是如此。否则，必将形成一个典型的逆境农业生态系统。２．３降尘、酸雨及其复合污染对蔬菜叶片细胞透性的影响降尘、酸雨各处理使酸性紫色土上莴笋叶片电导值、Ｋ＋浓度较ＣＫ分别提高２７．７％—５９．０％和９．１％—２７．３％（表５），表明叶细胞膜可能受到不同程度损伤，膜内物质容易外渗［１２］，影响植物正常生长、降低产量，石灰性紫色土虽３个处理植株叶片电导值也明显高于ＣＫ８．４％—５９．７％，但Ｋ＋浓度下降８．０％—２５．０％（Ａ处理除外），

EFFECTS OF DUST, ACID RAIN AND THEIR COMBINED POLLUTION ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF VEGETABLES

A pot experiment was adopted to study the biological effects of dust, simulated acid rain and their combined pollution on vegetable crops in two purple soils. The results showed that stem and leaf fresh weight of lettuce decreased 3. 9%-14. 4% by dust and acid rain in acid purple soil.The growth promotion of dust and acid rain on vegetable plant resulted in a lower yield of lettuce due to early ageing, but that of Brassica chinensiss L. was improved. Dust and acid rain enhanced the osmosis of vegetable leaf cell membrane (the values of electric conductivity and quantity of K⁺ seepage increased by 9. 5%-127. 7% as compared to the control) in acid purple soil,however their change tendencies which was different between two vegetable species. Dust combine with acid rain depressed obviously the vitamine C, soluble amino acid of two vegetables and raised nitrate content of lettuce.