基于投入产出法的北京能源消耗温室气体排放清单分析

城市是一个巨大能源物资消耗体和温室气体排放体,相关研究受到广泛关注.本文以2007年为例基于投入产出法研究北京市能源消耗的温室气体排放量,计算得出CH4和N2O这两种常规温室气体排放量.结果表明,北京市2007年能源消耗温室气体排放量为3531.72万tCO2当量,其中CO2排放量为3514.40万t,CH4排放量为1734.32t,N2O排放量为435.83t.北京市工业部门仍然是主要的温室气体排放部门,其排放的温室气体占CO2总量的98.96%,CH4总量的88.48%和N2O总量的98.99%.不同最终使用部门中,政府部门消费产生的温室气体排放量超过总量的15%,高于城镇消费和农村消费之和;调出和出口部门的碳排放量超过总量的40%,所占比例最大.贸易中,隐含在调出和出口部门中温室气体排放量是隐含在调入和进口部门的十几倍.北京市不同行业的温室气体排放强度略优于全国水平.降低北京市温室气体排放量可从进一步优化产业结构,发挥科技减排的作用,提高不同产业的能源利用率等方面采取措施.

Greenhouse gas emission inventory from energy consumption of Beijing based on input-output analysis

As a result of great energy consumption, there are significant amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted from cities. Recent studies focused on GHG mitigation in urban region. In this study, the amount of GHG emission in Beijing, including CH₄ and N₂O, was calculated based on input-output method. In 2007, the amount of GHG resulted from energy consumption was 35.3172 Mt CO₂ equivalent, in which CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O was 35.1440 Mt, 1734.32 t and 435.83 t, respectively. The industry sector was the biggest emitter, accounting for 98.96% of CO₂, 88.48% of CH₄, and 98.99% of N₂O emissions. In final consumption sectors, emission from the government was responsible for 15% of the total emissions of the three kinds of GHG, which was much higher than those from rural and urban households. Emissions embodied in exports accounted for over 40% of GHG emissions in final demand sectors, over ten times that embodied in imports. This demonstrated that Beijing was an emission exporter. The average emission efficiency in Beijing was slightly higher than the average level of the whole country. It would be necessary to control emission efficiency through industry structure adjustment and energy consumption in order to mitigate GHG emissions in Beijing.