微囊藻毒素毒理学研究综述

微囊藻毒素常见于富营养化的水体中，结构是单环多肽链，其中均含有特殊的必要需活性氨基酸基团。ＭＣＹＳＴ的化学性质稳定，但可被生物降解和ＵＶ光解。利福平等化学保护剂可预防其毒作用。该文就ＭＣＹＳＴ的理化性质，暴露剂量，毒作用及机理，预防等各方面的研究，作一综述。

Review on Study of Toxicology of Microcystins

Cyanobacterial toxins (MCYST as representative) were found in the eutrophicated fresh and blackish water bodies. They are monocyclic heptapeptides, including an unusual aromatic amino acid, ADDA (3-amino-9-methoxy-2, 6, 8-trimethy-10-phenyldeca-4, 6-dienoic acid), which is essential for expression of toxicity. MCYST are a family of hepatotoxins which are chemically stable, but they can be degraded by UV light or suffered biodegradation in reservoir waters. The primary target of the toxins is the liver, major effect is inhibition of protein phosphatases, leading to disruption of the cytoskeleton and massive hepatic haemorrhage. Some reagents such as rifampin can antagonize the toxic effects of microcystins. The physical and chemical characters of MCYST, human exposure to MCYST, and toxic effect and its mechanism and prevention were reviewed in this article.