环境规制、省际产业转移对污染迁移的空间溢出效应

目前我国正在积极地探寻经济增长高质量发展,生态环境与经济持续、稳定的和谐发展至关重要。虽然政府制定了相关的环境治理政策,但我国环境治理整体效果仍然欠佳。自从分税制改革以来,地方政府为了获得较高经济效益,会放松对环境管理,导致环境治理高投入低成效。同时,由于区域经济发展不平衡导致政府在制定相关环境治理政策时带有区域性特点,迫使高污染高能耗企业迁移至环境规制相对薄弱的地区,由此产生污染迁移的现象。基于此,对2003—2017年30个省区市(港澳台和西藏除外)环境污染总指数的空间溢出效应进行探讨,构建动态空间杜宾模型研究环境规制、省际产业转移对污染迁移的影响。研究结果表明:①环境规制总体上对环境污染具有显著直接效应且存在正向空间溢出效应,当某省环境规制强度增加,环境污染总指数会降低,从而引起污染向相邻省份转移,造成相邻省份的环境污染总指数上升。②省际产业转移整体上对环境污染具有显著直接效应且存在负向空间溢出效应,当某省的产业转移到相邻省份时,会缓解本省环境污染,却加重相邻省份的环境污染程度。这就需要中央政府加强对于各省区市的环境管控,统筹各区域的联防联治机制。产业转移承接省份在招商引资的过程中不仅要考虑本省环境承载能力和环境治理能力,还要考虑入驻企业自身污染排放处理能力,并将污染排放指数纳入筛选条件。同时,产业转移承接省份要引入企业的生产工艺、技术、研发团队等,运用技术溢出效应提升区域环境治理水平。

Spatial spillover effect of environmental regulations and inter-provincial industrial transfer on pollution migration

At present,as China is actively pursuing high-quality economic development,the sustainable,stable and harmonious development of the ecological environment and the economy has become increasingly important.Although the government has formulated relevant environmental governance policies,the overall effect of environmental governance in China is still unsatisfactory.Since the tax distribution reform,in order to obtain higher economic benefits,local governments have relaxed their environmental management,leading to high investment and low efficiency in environmental governance.At the same time,due to the imbalance of regional economic development,the government has attached regional characteristics when formulating relevant environmental governance policies,forcing enterprises with high pollution and high energy consumption to move to areas with relatively weak environmental regulations,resulting in the phenomenon of pollution migration.Based on this,this paper discussed the spatial spillover effect of the total environmental pollution index of 30 provinces and municipalities(except Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan and Tibet)from 2003 to 2017,and established a dynamic spatial Durbin model to study the impact of environmental regulation and inter-provincial industrial transfer on pollution migration.The results showed that:①Environmental regulation on the whole had a significant direct effect on environmental pollution and there was a positive space spillover effect.When the intensity of environmental regulation in a province increased,the total environmental pollution index would decrease,causing pollution to transfer to neighboring provinces and resulting in the increase of the total environmental pollution index in neighboring provinces.②Inter-provincial industrial transfer had a significant direct effect on environmental pollution on the whole,and there was a negative spatial spillover effect.When the industries of a province were transferred to the neighboring provinces,the environmental pollution of that province would be alleviated,while the degree of environmental pollution of the neighboring provinces would increase.The findings require the central government to strengthen environmental control in all provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions and coordinate the joint prevention and control mechanism among all regions.In the process of attracting investment,provinces should not only consider their environmental carrying capacity and environmental governance capacity,but also consider the pollution emission treatment capacity of the enterprises,and bring the pollution emission index into the screening conditions.At the same time,the provinces that undertake industrial transfer should introduce the production process,technologies and R&D team of enterprises,and use the technology spillover effect to improve the regional environmental governance.