RS与GIS支持下的南京市景观格局动态变化研究

利用1986、1994、2000年的TM图像和2000年的土地利用现状图，运用GIS和核心景观指数研究南京市自1986年以来景观格局的动态演变规律。结果表明：南京市在快速城市化的过程中，城市景观结构的变化主要表现为耕地、绿地、水体和未利用地等自然或半自然景观向城市、农村居民地、工矿用地以及交通用地等人文景观转变；景观的多样性增加，斑块的平均面积增大，分离度、破碎度和孔隙度减小，城市的开发趋向有序化、规模化；但由于人类活动作用方式或作用程度的不同，不同的景观类型在同一时间段，或者同一景观类型在不同的时间内空间格局的转变模式不同，1986~1994年城市扩展的速度很快，开发比较混乱，城市、农村居民地和交通用地等人文景观的面积大幅增加，耕地、绿地和未利用地的面积大量减少，斑块分布不均匀，空隙度增加，1994~2000年城市扩展的速度减慢，开发趋向有序化，除耕地外，其他景观类型的分离度、破碎度和孔隙度减小，空间分布趋向均匀。

DYNAMICS OF LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY IN NANJING CITY REVEALED BY RS AND GIS

This paper studied the dynamics of landscape pattern in Nanjing city since 1986 by using GIS and major landscape index with Landsat TM imageries in 1986, 1994, 2000, the topography map of 1:100 000 in 1973 and current land use map of 2000. The results showed that landscape structure of Nanjing City changed dramatically in the course of rapid urbanization. The natural and semi-natural landscape such as cultivated land, greenbelt, water and unused land became man-made landscape. In general, landscape diversity and average area of the patches increased. Fragmentation Fi, separation Ni, and lacunarity A(r) decreased. The urban exploitation becomes regulated and rational. But the different landscape factors in the same time or the same landscape factor in different years had different change modes. The speed of urban expansion is rapid from 1986 to 1994 in which the area of the man-made landscape increased largely, the area of cultivated land, greenbelt and unused land decreased, the patches distribution was not well-proportional and Fi increased,with its speed declined during 1994 ~ 2000 when the exploitation of Nanjing city became disciplinary and the patch distribution tends to be uniformal with Fragmentation Fi, separation Ni, and lacunarity A(r) decreasing barring cultivated land.