辽宁省港口邻近区域海运废气排放测算

为准确测算沿海地区船舶废气排放量,基于试验数据确定了NO_x、CO、HC和CO₂排放因子；结合文献资料和海事局进出港船舶签证数据,采用基于船舶活动过程的方法测算了2014年辽宁省港口邻近区域〔距港口减速区外边界25 n mile(1 n mile=1 852 m)以外的边界线与港口陆地岸线所围成的区域〕海运废气排放清单. 结果表明:2014年辽宁省港口邻近区域海运NO_x、CO、HC、CO₂、SO₂和PM(颗粒物)的排放量分别为11 827.1、971.4、399.6、1 097 426.5、11 654.1和959.2 t；散货船、集装箱船和油船3种主要类型船舶的NO_x、CO、HC、CO₂、SO₂和PM的分担率之和分别为74.7%、77.8%、70.8%、68.0%、70.9%和70.6%；主机NO_x、CO、HC、CO₂、SO₂和PM的分担率最大,分别为63.7%、63.0%、46.0%、40.4%、46.4%和45.3%；停泊工况下的NO_x、CO、HC、CO₂、SO₂和PM排放量分别为3 318.3、281.7、168.3、520 194.9、4 894.0和411.5 t. 船舶降速运行、减少停港时间、燃用低硫油和向船舶供应岸电等措施能降低港口邻近区域海运废气排放. 基础数据缺乏或数据代表性不足给废气排放清单带来了一定的不确定性. 

Estimation of Exhaust Emissions from Sea-Going Vessels in Near Port Areas of Liaoning Province

Abstract: A novel method was proposed to calculate the exhaust emissions from sea-going vessels in coastal regions. Based on emission factors of NO_x, CO, HC and CO₂ obtained from emission test reports and available data from literatures and the Maritime Safety Administration, a ship activity-based approach was employed to estimate the exhaust emissions inventory of sea-going vessels in near port areas, the outer boundaries of which are defined as 25 n mile from the terminus of the reduced speed zone of a port. The results show that the emissions of NO_x, CO, HC, CO₂, SO₂ and PM from sea-going vessels in near port areas of Liaoning Province in 2014 were 11,7.1, 971.4,9.6,1,097,6.5,1,654.1 and 959.2 t respectively. The total contributions of the six emissions from bulk carriers, container ships and oil tankers were 74.7%, 77.8%, 70.8%, 68.0%, 70.9% and 70.6% respectively. Main engines were the major emissions source, with the contributions of NO_x, CO, HC, CO₂, SO₂ and PM from main engines being 63.7%, 63.0%, 46.0%, 40.4%, 46.4% and 45.3% respectively. The emissions of NO_x, CO, HC, CO₂, SO₂ and PM from hotelling mode were 3,8.3, 281.7,8.3, 520,4.9, 4,4.0 and 411.5 t respectively. Ships slow steaming, reduced stopover time in port, utilization of low-sulfur fuels and employment of alternative marine power can reduce emissions in near port areas. In addition, lack of basic data and inadequate applicability result in uncertainty of the results.