兰炭焦粉的石墨化探索性研究

兰炭是利用陕北榆林地区低磷、低硫、低挥发分煤经低温干馏得到的一种煤化工产品,在其生产过程产生大约15%左右的焦粉,目前主要作为冶金用还原剂或者低级燃料廉价处理,经济价值较低。为了开辟焦粉的高副价值利用新途径,对焦粉的石墨化技术进行了探索研究。结果表明,焦粉直接石墨化,2500℃时其石墨化度可达90%,而在铜粉、氧化铁和二氧化钛催化作用下,1800℃时焦粉的石墨化度达到90%以上,达到同样的石墨化效果,催化剂的作用可使石墨化温度直接降低700℃,焦粉石墨化过程能耗得到很大程度降低。另外,焦粉热处理温度越高,产物纯度越高,石墨化效果越好,Cu粉催化作用下产物的2H晶型趋于更完整。研究结果不但为焦粉的石墨化提供理论与技术支持,而且为制备石墨材料开辟了新的原料来源,并促进榆林地区兰炭产业的健康发展。

Exploratory study on graphitization of semi-coke powder

Semi-coke is a chemical product generated from coal containing low sulfur and phosphorus and having low volatility. In the Yulin area of Northern Shaanxi (China), it is distilled at low temperature, and coke powder (about 15%) is produced during the process of semi-coke production. This powder is now mainly used as a metallurgical reducing agent or as low-grade fuel, but these applications have relatively low economic value. In order to open up new, higher-value ways to utilize coke powder, its use for graphitization was studied. The results show that the degree of graphitization of coke powder could reach 90% when it is directly treated at 2500℃,but could also reach 90% with catalysts such as Cu, Fe2O3 and TiO2 powder at 1800℃. Thus, while achieving the same graphitization effect, the graphitization temperature could be reduced by 700℃ and the energy consumption of graphitization greatly reduced due to the action of catalysts. At a higher treatment temperature, the product purity was higher, and the graphitization effect was better. In addition, the 2H crystal tended to form better Cu catalyst. These results not only provide technical and theoretical support for the graphitization of coke powder, but also a new raw material for the preparation of graphite. Together, these might promote the healthy development of the semi-coke industry in the Yulin area.