抗生素对海洋厌氧氨氧化菌处理海产养殖废水的短期冲击及脱氮动力学

为解决海产养殖废水中含有的高浓度盐分及多种抗生素对生物脱氮系统稳定性的冲击，研究了3种抗生素(恩诺沙星、土霉素和磺胺甲恶唑)短期冲击下，海洋厌氧氨氧化菌(MAB)处理海产养殖废水(盐度3.5%)时的脱氮抑制特性。结果表明：当抗生素质量浓度为250 mg·L⁻¹时，首先观察到土霉素对MAB活性的明显抑制，总氮去除负荷从1.153 kg·(m³·d)⁻¹降至1.067 kg·(m³·d)⁻¹，而此时磺胺甲恶唑和恩诺沙星没有对MAB产生明显抑制；当磺胺甲恶唑和恩诺沙星的质量浓度为500 mg·L⁻¹和750 mg·L⁻¹时，MAB脱氮过程出现了抑制，抑制程度分别为6.05%和4.25%；当质量浓度为1 000 mg·L⁻¹时，恩诺沙星、土霉素和磺胺甲恶唑的抑制程度分别为15.68%、22.13%和55.44%。在盐度3.5%的高盐环境中，3种抗生素对MAB的短期抑制程度为：土霉素>磺胺甲恶唑>恩诺沙星。其中，土霉素对MAB的半抑制浓度为905.73 mg·L⁻¹。Remodified Logistic模型和Modified Gompertz模型可用于分析抗生素胁迫下的MAB抑制过程。模型拟合预测的TNRE_max值与实验结果一致，预测的R_max值表明添加不同浓度的抗生素后都会降低MAB的最大基质去除速率。本研究可为厌氧氨氧化技术在海产养殖废水处理中的应用提供参考。

Short-term impact of antibiotics on mariculture wastewater treament by marine anammox bacteria and the denitrification kinetics

In order to solve the impact of high salinity in marine aquaculture wastewater and various antibiotics on the stability of biological nitrogen removal system on the stability of the biological nitrogen removal system, the denitrification inhibition characteristics of marine anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (MAB) in the treatment of marine aquaculture wastewater (salinity 3.5%) under short-term stress of three antibiotics (enrofloxacin (ENR), oxytetracycline (OTC) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX)) were studied. The results showed that when the antibiotic concentration was 250 mg·L−1, MAB was siginificantly inhibited by OTC, and the total nitrogen removal rate decreased from 1.153 kg·(m3·d) −1 to 1.067 kg·(m3·d) −1,while ENR and SMX did not significantly inhibit MAB. The inhibition of denitrificaion process of MAB was observed with 500 mg·L−1 SMX and 750 mg·L−1 ENR, and the inhibition degree was 5% and 6%, respectively. When the concentration was 1 000 mg·L−1, the inhibition degree of ENR, SMX and OTC was 15.68%, 22.13% and 55.44%, respectively. In the high salinity environment of 3.5%, the short-term inhibition degree of three antibiotics on MAB was as follows: OTC> SMX> ENR, and the semi-inhibitory concentration of OTC on MAB was 905.73 mg·L−1. The Remodified Logistic model and Modified Gompertz could be used to analyze the inhibition of MAB under antibiotics stress. The fitted TNREmax values were consistent with the experimental results, and fitted Rmax values indicated the maximum removal rates of MAB were suppressed by antibiotics. This study can provide reference for the application of anammox technology in the treatment of Marine aquaculture wastewater.