煤矿矿区土壤重金属及多环芳烃污染治理修复技术综述

土壤重金属和有机物污染是当前许多煤矿矿区及周边地区面临的严重问题，威胁居民健康，要采取有效措施予以解决。在对煤矿矿区周边土壤重金属和多环芳烃（PAHs）来源及危害分析的基础上，发现重金属元素在自然条件下难以降解，导致其在生物体中累积，并且PAHs具有致癌性、致畸性和诱变性。通过比较物理化学修复、植物修复和生物修复等方法在治理重金属及PAHs污染土壤的优缺点，发现植物修复和生物修复对气候和环境的依赖程度高，物理修复成本和能耗较高，因此提出矿区周边土壤污染的修复技术需要进一步创新，实现多领域、多学科协作发展的观点。通过持续的技术创新和多种修复方法的联合应用，达到有效治理煤矿矿区及周边重金属和PAHs污染的目的，实现土壤的重新利用，进而实现环境保护与经济可持续发展的良性互动。

A review of heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution treatment and remediation technologies in coal mine soils

Soil heavy metal and organic matter pollution is a serious problem currently facing many coal mine sites and surrounding areas, threatening the health of residents, and effective measures should be taken to solve it. Based on the analysis of the sources and hazards of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil around coal mining areas, it is found that heavy metal elements are difficult to be degraded under natural conditions, leading to their accumulation in living organisms, and that PAHs are carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of physicochemical remediation, phytoremediation and bioremediation in the treatment of heavy metals and PAHs-contaminated soils, it was found that phytoremediation and bioremediation are highly dependent on climate and environment, and that physical remediation is more costly and energy-consuming, so it is put forward that remediation technologies for soil pollution around mining areas need to be further innovated to realize the viewpoints of collaborative development in multiple fields and multiple disciplines. Through continuous technological innovation and the joint application of multiple remediation methods, we can achieve the purpose of effectively treating heavy metal and PAHs pollution in and around coal mine areas, realize the reuse of soil, and then realize the benign interaction between environmental protection and sustainable economic development.