基于生态系统服务价值的阿勒泰地区生态补偿区域空间选择与策略

生态补偿可有效缓解区域经济发展与生态保护之间的矛盾。基于2010—2020年阿勒泰地区土地利用数据，运用当量因子法计算研究区的生态系统服务价值（ESV）并进行时空变化分析，引用修正后生态补偿优先级指数对阿勒泰地区6县1市进行生态补偿区域空间选择，并计算生态补偿额度。结果表明：2010—2020年阿勒泰地区草地、耕地、水域、建设用地面积增加，林地与未利用地面积减少。2010—2020年总ESV呈现降增交替的波动变化，整体减少0.85%，林地ESV降幅最大，单项功能价值量占比最高的为调节服务。阿勒泰地区生态补偿理论总额度为60.05 亿元，修正后生态补偿（补偿额占总额比例）优先顺序依次为青河县（21.60%）>布尔津县（18.33%）>吉木乃县（10.46%）>哈巴河县（11.43%）>阿勒泰市（10.99%）>富蕴县（14.12%）>福海县（13.07%）。基于研究结果，从发挥政府作用、健全法律体系、拓宽资金渠道、创新补偿方式及规范补偿方与受偿方等方面提出完善阿勒泰地区生态补偿的策略。

Spatial selection and strategy of ecological compensation areas based on ecosystem service value in Altay Prefecture

Ecological compensation can effectively alleviate the contradiction between regional economy and ecology. Based on the land use classification data of Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang Autonomous Region from 2010 to 2020, the ecosystem service value (ESV) of the study area was calculated by using equivalent factor method and the spatial-temporal change analysis was carried out. The revised ecological compensation priority index was used to select the ecological compensation areas in 6 counties and 1 city of Altay Prefecture, and the amount of ecological compensation was calculated. The results showed that the land use change in Altay Prefecture from 2010 to 2020 was "four increases and two decreases". The area of grassland, cultivated land, water area and construction land increased, while the area of forest land and unused land decreased. From 2010 to 2020, the total ESV showed a fluctuating change of decreasing and increasing alternately, and the overall decrease was 0.85%, with the largest decrease in forest ESV. The highest proportion of the value of a single function was the adjustment service. The theoretical total amount of ecological compensation in Altay Prefecture is 6.005 billion yuan, and the proportion of ecological compensation priority and compensation amount in the total amount is as follows: Qinghe County (21.60%) > Burjin County (18.33%) > Jimunai County (10.46%) > Habahe County (11.43%) > Altay City (10.99%) > Fuyun County (14.12%) > Fuhai County (13.07%). Based on the research results, the strategies of improving ecological compensation in Altay Prefecture were put forward from the aspects of giving play to the role of the government, perfecting the legal system, broadening the fund channels, innovating the compensation methods and standardizing the compensators and the indemnators.