厦门城区大气颗粒物PM10中有机酸源谱特征分析

对厦门城区大气颗粒物PM10中有机酸的可能来源,如烹调油烟、生物质燃烧颗粒、汽车尾气和土壤/路面扬尘等4种不同排放源,采用再悬浮混合箱得到PM10样品.采用BF3/正丁醇衍生-GC/MS分析方法,测定了包括二元羧酸、脂肪酸和芳香酸共15种有机酸.结果表明,烹调油烟中有机酸的含量远高于其它颗粒物,最高可达53%,其中亚油酸和油酸的含量最高,为24%±14%;而汽车尾气颗粒物中乙二酸的含量最高,其次为邻苯二甲酸Ph;汽油燃烧颗粒物中己二酸与壬二酸的比值显著高于其它样品,可用于环境大气中二元羧酸的人为和生物来源的定性判断.除发电机排放样品外,其它样品中丙二酸与丁二酸的比值(0.07～0.44)远低于环境样品中该比值范围(0.61～3.93),表明丙二酸与丁二酸的比值可用于环境大气中二元羧酸的一次/二次来源的定性判断.

Compositions of Organic Acids in PM10 Emission Sources in Xiamen Urban Atmosphere

The possible organic acid emission sources in PM₁₀ in Xiamen urban atmosphere such as cooking, biomass burning, vehicle exhaust and soil/dust were obtained using a re-suspension test chamber. A total of 15 organic acids including dicarboxylic acids, fatty acids and aromatic acids were determined using GC/MS after derivatization with BF₃/n-butanol. The results showed that the highest total concentration of 15 organic acids (53%) was found in cooking emission and the average concentration of the sum of linoleic acid and oleic acid was 24%±14%. However, oxalic acid was the most abundant species followed by phthalic acid in gasoline vehicle exhaust. The ratios of adipic to azelaic acid in gasoline combustion emissions were significantly higher than those in other emission sources, which can be used to qualitatively differentiate anthropogenic and biological source of dicarboxylic acids in atmospheric samples. The ratios of malonic to succinic acid in source emissions (except gasoline generator emissions) were lower (0.07-0.44) than ambient PM₁₀samples (0.61-3.93), which can be used to qualitatively differentiate the primary source and the secondary source of dicarboxylic acids in urban PM₁₀.