生态沟渠底泥属性与磷吸附特性研究

对种植水生植物铜钱草、黑三棱的生态沟渠和有杂草生长的自然沟渠中0～5 cm和5～15 cm底泥属性及磷吸附特性进行比较研究.结果表明,铜钱草0～5 cm底泥中草酸提取态铁、铝和磷含量均高于自然杂草和黑三棱段底泥.Freudlich和Langmiur方程拟合吸附数据得出:试验底泥的吸附、解吸平衡时磷浓度(EPC0)在0.009～0.031 mg·L-1范围;铜钱草0～5 cm底泥的Kf和Smax值最大,分别为352.2 L.kg-1、562.7 mg·kg-1,表明该底泥样对磷的吸附能力最强.回归分析得出磷吸附参数与底泥属性有显著的相关性(P<0.05),主要受草酸提取态铁、黏粒含量、磷饱和度的影响.可见,水生植物对底泥属性及磷吸附能力都有影响,在生态沟渠中优选植物种植能降低面源污染中磷流失风险.

Study on Phosphorus Adsorption Characteristic of Sediments in an Ecological Ditch

Sediments properties and phosphorus (P) adsorption capacities were compared among the samples of 0-5 cm and 5-15 cm layers from the ecological ditch vegetated with Cenetlla asiatica, Sparganium stoloniferum and a natural agricultural ditch with weeds. The results showed the 0-5 cm sediment vegetated with Cenetlla asiatica had higher concentrations of oxalate extracted Fe, Al and P than those vegetated with Sparganium stoloniferum or weeds. The parameters calculated from the Freudlich and Langmiur isotherms showed the equilibrium phosphate concentration (EPC₀) ranged from 0.009 to 0.031 mg·L^-1. Cenetlla asiatica in the 0-5 cm layer had the maximum values of 352.2 L·kg^-1 and 562.7 mg·kg^-1 for Freundlich adsorption constant (K_f) and Langmuir sorption maximum (Smax), respectively, which proved it had the highest P adsorption capacity. The regression analysis showed P sorption parameters had significant relationship to oxalate-extracted Fe, clay content and DPS (P<0.05). It was thus clear that aquatic plants influenced sediment properties and P adsorption capacity, and the practice of growing proper plants in ecological ditch could reduce the risk of P loss in non-point source pollution.