区域地下水污染风险评价方法研究

依据系统风险评价的边界要素,初步建立了区域地下水污染风险评价指标体系:区域地下水特殊脆弱性评价、区域污染源特性评价和区域特征污染物健康风险评价.采用多指标综合方法,对3个评价体系进行耦合,并运用ArcMap的Spatial Analysis功能制图对其进行风险表征,从而建立了对不同地区不同自然条件、不同污染类型的区域地下水污染风险评价的新方法.以常州市为例,利用该方法对其浅层地下水进行污染风险评价,研究表明该市地下水脆弱性指数较高,且分布不均;污染源分布较为集中,对地下水污染风险影响较大;受污染物及污染源影响,常州市区人群健康风险值较高.全市浅层地下水污染风险高且分布不均,污染风险较高区域分布在安家-薛家-郑陆一线以北和城区及其东南部一带.

Study on the Risk Assessment Method of Regional Groundwater Pollution

Based on the boundary elements of system risk assessment, the regional groundwater pollution risk assessment index system was preliminarily established, which included: regional groundwater specific vulnerability assessment, the regional pollution sources characteristics assessment and the health risk assessment of regional featured pollutants. The three sub-evaluation systems were coupled with the multi-index comprehensive method, the risk was characterized with the Spatial Analysis of ArcMap, and a new method to evaluate regional groundwater pollution risk that suitable for different parts of natural conditions, different types of pollution was established. Take Changzhou as an example, the risk of shallow groundwater pollution was studied with the new method, and found that the vulnerability index of groundwater in Changzhou is high and distributes unevenly; The distribution of pollution sources is concentrated and has a great impact on groundwater pollution risks; Influenced by the pollutants and pollution sources, the values of health risks are high in the urban area of Changzhou. The pollution risk of shallow groundwater is high and distributes unevenly, and distributes in the north of the line of Anjia-Xuejia-Zhenglu, the center of the city and the southeast, where the human activities are more intense and the pollution sources are intensive.