湖底陷阱捕获内污染技术在浅水湖泊的应用

基于研发的湖底陷阱捕获内污染技术，在巢湖进行应用研究.结果表明，湖底陷阱可有效收集叶绿素a、有机质、总氮和总磷等湖底沉积物中内源污染物.不同位置和季节湖底陷阱收集的沉积物厚度差异显著，西巢湖收集的污染物含量最多，湖心区域收集污染物量最少；夏秋季节淤积较快，冬春季节淤积略慢.单位面积（1m²）湖底陷阱年收集叶绿素a、有机质、总氮和总磷可分别达2.37~15.28g、8.96~21.82kg、0.78~1.88kg和0.30~0.93kg.综合考虑湖流场、风浪场、湖底污染物分布及厚度，巢湖湖体内沿湖流汇集区可布置6条11~33km的湖底陷阱，并在7个主要入河口布置湖底陷阱，同时可利用现有航道，进一步加深后形成湖底陷阱，可为巢湖内源控制提供新的治理手段和管理方法.

Application of bottom trap technology to capture internal pollution of shallow lakes

The effectiveness of a previously developed bottom trap technology to capture endogenous pollutants were examined in Lake Chaohu. Sediment pollutants could be effectively collected into the bottom trap, including algae (chlorophyll a), organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, and the collection efficiency presented obvious temporal and spatial differences. The bottom trap could collect much more sediment pollutants in the western part of Lake Chaohu than in the center of the lake. The sedimentation rates were higher in spring and summer than in autumn and winter. The annual-averaged collection of chlorophyll a, organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus for the trap per unit area varied between 2.37~15.28g/m², 8.96~21.82kg/m², 0.78~1.88kg/m² and 0.30~0.93kg/m², respectively. Due to the lake current, wind wave, and the distribution and thickness of internal pollutants in Lake Chaohu, six bottom traps with length of 11~33km along the lake current accumulation areas, and seven bottom traps at the estuaries of seven main inflowing estuaries are recommended in Lake Chaohu. In addition, the existing shipping channels are suggested to be modified to bottom traps by deepening. This study provides new governance and management methods for the control of internal loads in Lake Chaohu.