Chemical and physical characterization of emissions from birch wood combustion in a wood stove |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Applied Environmental Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;2. Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden;3. Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Chemical Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;4. SLB Analys, Environment and Health Protection Administration, P.O. Box 38024, SE-100 64 Stockholm, Sweden;5. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;1. Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;2. Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA, Spanish Research Council (CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;3. Regional Centre for Air Quality Monitoring, Environmental Monitoring Sector ARPA Lombardia, 20129 Milan, Italy;1. School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;2. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9 PL, UK;1. Department of Energy and Environment, Danish Building Research Institute, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark;2. Department of Environment and Planning, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal;1. BIOENERGY 2020+ GmbH, Inffeldgasse 21b, 8010 Graz, Austria;2. Graz University of Technology, Institute of Thermal Engineering – Thermal Energy Systems and Biomass, Inffeldgasse 25/B, 8010 Graz, Austria |
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| Abstract: | The purpose of this study was to characterize the emissions of a large number of chemical compounds emitted from birch wood combustion in a wood stove. Birch wood is widely used as fuel in Swedish household appliances. The fuel load was held constant during six experiments.Particles <2.5 μm in diameter were collected and the size distribution of the particles was measured. The results were compared to the size distribution in road traffic emissions. It could be seen that the number distribution differed between the sources. In traffic exhaust, the number of particles maximized at 20 nm, while the number distribution from wood burning ranged from 20 to 300 nm. The ratio K/Ca on particles was found to be significantly different in wood burning compared to road dust, range 30–330 for the former and 0.8±0.15 for the latter. The source profile of common elements emitted from wood burning differed from that found on particles at a street-level site or in long-distance transported particles.The ratio toluene/benzene in this study was found to be in the range 0.2–0.7, which is much lower than the ratio 3.6±0.5 in traffic exhaust emissions.Formaldehyde and acetone were the most abundant compounds among the volatile ketones and aldehydes. The emission factor varied between 180–710 mg/kg wood for formaldehyde and 5–1300 mg/kg wood for acetone. Of the organic acids analyzed (3,4,5)-trimethoxy benzoic acid was the most abundant compound. Of the PAHs reported, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene contribute to more than 70% of the mass of PAH. Of the elements analyzed, K and Si were the most abundant elements, having emission factors of 27 and 9 mg/kg wood, respectively.Although fluoranthene has a toxic equivalence factor of 5% of benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), it can be seen that the toxic potency of fluoranthene in wood burning emissions is of the same size as B(a)P. This indicates that the relative carcinogenic potency contribution of fluoranthene in wood smoke would be about 40% of B(a)P. |
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