PM2.5 carbon measurements in two urban areas: Seoul and Kwangju,Korea |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Science, College of Natural Science, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea;2. Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, 156 Baengyeong-ro, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-722, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, ERICA, Ansan, South Korea;2. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea;3. Department of Climate and Energy Systems Engineering, Ehwa Women''s University, Seoul, South Korea;4. School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea;1. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Environment and Energy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea;5. Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea;6. Division of Climate and Air Quality Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea;7. State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;8. Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;9. Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 599-8531, Japan;10. Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201, Mongolia |
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| Abstract: | 24-h PM2.5 carbonaceous samples were collected between 27 November and 9 December 1999 in Seoul, and between 7 and 20 June 2000 in Kwangju to investigate characteristics of carbonaceous species, and the relationship between elemental carbon (EC) and Aethalometer-based black carbon (BC) measurements. 5-min PM2.5 BC and criteria air pollutant data were also measured using the Aethalometer and ambient air monitoring system. The PM2.5 samples were analyzed for EC and OC using a selective thermal manganese dioxide oxidation (TMO) method. The daily average EC and OC concentrations in Seoul were higher in the winter than in the summer (Atmos. Environ. 35 (2001a) 657). It was found that difference between ambient BC levels in the two cities was not directly proportional to the population ratio (～8) or diesel traffic ratio (～5.9) since particulate matter or BC concentration is strongly influenced by a result of varying traffic and meteorological conditions at the site. Using the primary OC/EC ratio approach, the results suggest that most of the measured OC in Kwangju is of primary origin during the summer. In Seoul, the observed OC includes additional secondary organic aerosol during the wintertime conditions. The relationship between the 24-h TMO-EC and Aethalometer BC measurements in PM2.5 reflected very good agreement for the two urban sites, with correlation coefficients of R2=0.99 and 0.92, and BC/EC slopes of 0.93 and 1.07, respectively. It was found that comparing TMO-EC to BC at a different location in Korea, a different scaling factor was needed. |
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