Fumigation of pollutants in and above the entrainment zone into a growing convective boundary layer: a large-eddy simulation |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;2. CSIRO Atmospheric Research, PMB 1, Aspendale, Vic. 3195, Australia;1. Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Clinic of Radiation Oncology, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia;2. Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia;3. Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia;1. Sección departamental de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;2. Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (CSIC), C/ Marie Curie, 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain;1. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China;2. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;3. Laboratory for Climate Studies, National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China;4. Canadian Center for Climate Modeling and Analysis, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3V6;1. National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan;2. Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8316, Japan;3. Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8316, Japan;4. Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan;1. Plataforma Solar de Almería – CIEMAT, P.O. Box 22, 04200, Tabernas, Almería, Spain;2. Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom;2. Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom;3. Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | Fumigation of a passive plume located in or above the entrainment zone (EZ) into a growing convective boundary layer (CBL) has been simulated by large-eddy simulation (LES). Three non-dimensional parameters, α(=we0/w*0), z0/zi0, and σz0/zi0, are used to classify different cases, where w*0 is the convective velocity scale, we0 the initial entrainment velocity, zi0 the initial CBL height, z0 the initial plume height, and σz0 is the initial plume half-depth. Forty cases have been run and analysed. The crosswind-integrated concentrations have been compared with existing laboratory data from a saline convection tank. The results show that LES is a promising tool to reproduce fumigation processes. With a relatively coarse grid mesh near the EZ, LES derives reliable results that are in a good agreement with the laboratory data. The first parameter, α, containing the effects due to inversion strength, plays an important role in determining C0(T), the ground-level concentration (GLC) as a function of dimensionless time, T. For large α (say >0.03, corresponding to fast entrainment), variation of α gives significant change in C0(T); whereas for a wide range of α between 0.01 and 0.02 (corresponding to slow entrainment), C0(T) is almost independent of α. The starting time of fumigation does not vary significantly with the second parameter, z0/zi0 (relative height of plume), although C0(T) is, in general, smaller for a higher plume. This confirms laboratory findings that the traditional notion of zero fumigation for a high plume (say above 1.10zi) is not correct. The effect of the third parameter, σz0/zi0, is on the magnitude of C0(T); thinner initial plumes have higher GLCs. |
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