生产事故引发环境事件应急演练的典型问题剖析

当前基层组织的突发环境事件应急演练重点不明确，多数裹挟着厚重的生产事故救援内容，甚至偏离了环境应急演练主题，这对真实突发环境事件应对是不利的。基于最坏情景演练思想，剖析生产事故与环境事件的演练重点，厘清生产事故引发环境事件的处置流程和演练模式，并借助化工企业甲醇泄漏事故引发环境事件的桌面推演实例，廓清复杂环境事件应急演练的构设方法与实施步骤。结果表明:生产事故引发环境事件应急演练策划设计中，生产事故应急部分可有效集成为向环境应急提供信息的通道，提供关键处置结果作为环境应急主题演练的响应信息即可；生产事故引发环境事件应急演练组织实施中，重点凸显环境应急决策和部署情况，可根据演练场景需要，重点设置应急监测、污染控制、事故调查等应急功能（组），以考查或展示环境综合应急能力。

Typical problems analysis on emergency exercise of environmental event caused by work safety accident

Nowadays, the focuses of emergency exercise on environmental emergency organized by the organizations at the basic level are not clear, and the majority of them include many contents of work safety accident rescue, even deviate from the theme of environmental emergency exercise, which is extremely unfavorable to the response of real environmental emergency. Based on the idea of 'worst-case scenario exercise', the focuses of exercises on work safety accidents and environmental events were analyzed, and the disposal process and exercise mode of environmental event caused by work safety accident were clarified. The design method and implementation steps of emergency exercise on complex environmental events were revealed by using the table-top exercise case on environmental event caused by methanol leakage accident in chemical enterprise. The results showed that at the stage of exercise design to environmental event caused by work safety accident, the part of work safety accident emergency could be effectively integrated into the way of providing information to the environmental emergency, and it only need to provide the key disposal results to the environmental emergency theme exercise as the response information. During exercise implementation to environmental event caused by work safety accident, the environmental emergency decision-making and deployment should be highlighted with emphasis, and according to the needs of the exercise scenarios, the emergency monitoring, the pollution control, the accident investigation and other emergency functions (groups) should be set up emphatically, so as to examine or demonstrate the comprehensive environmental emergency response capability.