Origin,characteristics and morphology of weathering crusts on Istria stone in Venice |
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| Institution: | 1. ICVBC, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;2. British Geological Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Nicker Hill, Keyworth, NG12 5GG, United Kingdom;3. Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, via Moruzzi 3, 56126 Pisa, Italy;4. Via Cavour, 39, 50129 Florence, Italy;5. Department of Literature and Conservation of Cultural Heritage, University of Naples II, S.M. Capua Vetere, Caserta, Italy;6. Galleria degli Uffizi, via della Ninna 5, 50122 Firenze, Italy;1. Laboratorio di Risonanza Magnetica “Annalaura Segre”, Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, CNR, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Viale Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy;3. Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell''Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Siena, Pian dei Mantellini 44, 53100 Siena, Italy;4. Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Perugia, via Fabbretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy;1. Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica (DiFC), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17-90128, Palermo, Italy;2. Restauratore di Beni Culturali, Italy;3. Dipartimento di Culture e Società, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 12-90128, Palermo, Italy;4. Laboratorio di restauro Museo Diocesano di Palermo, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Matteo Bonello n. 2-90134, Palermo, Italy |
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| Abstract: | To evaluate the effects of the environment on weathering of monuments of Istria stone in Venice, systematic mineralogical, petrographical and elemental analyses of depth profiles were performed on samples of surficial crusts (dendritic black, compact black, grey and white). Decay products of deposition and interactions between gases and stone, including wind blown dust, marine salts, anthropic aerosol, gypsum and nitrates, are incorporated into the mineral matrix down to a depth of 10 mm. In areas sheltered from rain, where black and grey crusts are observed, the high general humidity, carbonaceous particles and deposition of aerosols lead to the development of gypsum and other salts. In compact and grey crusts decay products decrease; in grey crusts carbonaceous particles are reduced, but in compact black crust products of previous treatments are found. In white crusts, formed in areas experiencing effective wash-out, chemical and mechanical attack cause surface recession. |
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