Contribution of carbonaceous material to cloud condensation nuclei concentrations in European background (Mt. Sonnblick) and urban (Vienna) aerosols |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi''an 710061, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Department of Atmospheric Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;4. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80303, USA;5. Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an 710049, China;6. Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland;7. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xian 710127, China;1. Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97110970 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;2. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105970, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;3. Departament of Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjasot, Valéncia, Spain;1. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy;2. Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, Milan, Italy |
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| Abstract: | During four intensive measurement campaigns (two on Mt. Sonnblick, European background aerosol, and two in Vienna, urban aerosol), cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) were measured at supersaturations of 0.5%. Impactor measurements of the mass size distribution in the size range 0.1–10 μm were performed and later analyzed for Cl-, NO-3, SO2-4, Na+, NH+4, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ by ion chromatography, for total carbon (TC) using a combustion method, and for black carbon (BC) by an optical method (integrating sphere). Organic carbon (OC) was defined as the difference between TC (minus carbonate carbon) and BC. At all sites, the mass fraction of BC in the submicron aerosol was comparable (4–5%). CCN concentrations on Mt. Sonnblick were found to be 10–30% of those measured in Vienna, although high Mt. Sonnblick concentrations were comparable to low Vienna concentrations (around 800 cm-3). The contribution of organic material was estimated from the mass concentrations of the chemical species sampled on the impactor stage with the lowest cut point (0.1–0.215 μm aerodynamic equivalent diameter). On Mt. Sonnblick, TC material contributed 11% to the total mass in fall 1995, and 67% in summer 1996, while the OC fraction was 6 and 61%. The combined electrolytes and mineral material contributed 18 and 16% in fall and summer. During the Vienna spring campaign, the contributions of OC and electrolytes to the total mass concentration in this size range were 48 and 36%, respectively. |
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