Source apportionment of visibility degradation problems in Brisbane (Australia) using the multiple linear regression techniques |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Australian Environmental Studies, Griffith University, QLD 4111, Australia;2. Physics Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, NSW 2234, Australia;1. Materials and Electronic Systems Laboratory, University of Bordj-Bou-Arréridj, 34000, Bordj-Bou-Arréridj, Algeria;2. Laboratory of Materials Physics and its Applications, University of M''sila, 28000, M''sila, Algeria;1. Rural Development Department, Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 22016, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus;2. Department of Home Economics and Ecology, Harokopio University, El. Venizelou 70, Kallithea, 17676 Athens, Greece;1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;2. Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;1. Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China;2. Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511436, China;3. Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia (RCE-TEA), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China;4. Xianghe Observatory of Whole Atmosphere, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xianghe, 065400, China;5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;1. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China;2. Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China |
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| Abstract: | Different aspects of visibility degradation problems in Brisbane were investigated through concurrent visibility monitoring and aerosol sampling programs carried out in 1995. The relationship between the light extinction coefficients and aerosol mass/composition was derived by using multiple linear regression techniques. The visibility properties at different sites in Brisbane were found to be correlated with each other on a daily basis, but not correlated with each other hour by hour. The cause of scattering of light by moisture (bsw) was due to sulphate particles which shift to a larger size under high-humidity conditions. The scattering of light by particulate matter (bsp) was found to be highly correlated with the mass of fine aerosols, in particular the mass of fine soot, sulphate and non-soil K. For the period studied, on average, the total light extinction coefficient (bext) at five sites in Brisbane was 0.65×10?4 m?1, considerably smaller than those values found in other Australian and overseas cities. On average, the major component of bext is bsp (49% of bext), followed by bap (the absorption of light, mainly by fine soot particles, 28%), bsg (Rayleigh scattering, 20%) and bsw (3%). The absorption of light by NO2 (bag) is expected to contribute less than 5% of bext. On average, the percentage contribution of the visibility degrading species to bext (excluding bag) were: soot (53%), sulphate (21%), Rayleigh scattering (20%), non-soil K (2%) and humidity (3%). In terms of visibility degrading sources, motor vehicles (including soot and the secondary products) are expected to contribute more than half of the bext (excluding bag) in Brisbane on average, followed by secondary sulphates (17%) and biomass burning (10%). |
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