The chemistry of atmospheric mercury: a review |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an, China;2. Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China;3. SKLLQG, Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi''an, China;4. Laboratoire d''Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France;5. Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, CNRS/IRD/Université de Toulouse, France;6. EcoLab Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Castanet Tolosan, France;7. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China;2. CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;3. Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;4. Himalayan Environment Research Institute (HERI), Kathmandu, Nepal;5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;6. Central Department of Environmental Science, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal;7. Central Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal |
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| Abstract: | The atmosphere is an important transient reservoir of mercury. In addition to its great capacity, the chemical processes transforming mercury between the elemental and divalent states strongly influence the transport characteristics and deposition rate of this toxic metal back to the ground. Modeling efforts to assess global cycling of mercury require an in-depth knowledge of atmospheric mercury chemistry. This review article provides selected physical and chemical properties of atmospheric mercury, and discusses the identified mercury transformation pathways mediated by ozone, S(IV), hydroperoxyl radical, hydroxyl radical, chlorine, nitrate radical and photolysis of Hg(II) complexes. Special attention is paid to the kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions interconverting mercury between elemental and divalent states. The significance and implications of each transformation pathway under atmospheric conditions are addressed. Future research areas that must be pursued to better understand the fate and transformation of mercury in the atmosphere are also projected. |
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