Measurements of nitric acid and ammonium salts in lower Bavaria |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark;2. Mobile Emergency Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Denmark;3. Department of Emergency Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Denmark;4. Institute of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark;5. Institute of Forensic Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Denmark;6. Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark;1. Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK;2. Environment Agency, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK;3. NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK;1. State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China;2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Impact and Structural Safety in Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK;4. School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, UK;5. College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China;1. College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, China;2. Department of Information Technology and Decision Sciences, Old Dominion University, USA;1. Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering, Chem. Dept., Istanbul 34320, Turkey;2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey;3. Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA), Bayraktar neighborhood, Vedat Dalokay st. No:112, Çankaya, Ankara 06670, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | Nitric acid and ammonium-containing particulate species were measured by the annular denuder-filter pack technique at Manndorf, a rural site in South Germany, in July 1990. The analyses of filter packs indicated that nitrate was present as ammonium salt which mostly dissociated during sampling. Moreover, due to the NH+4/NO−3 ratios higher than unity found in back-up filters, NH4Cl was assumed to represent an appreciable fraction of the total particulate ammonium. Finally, the molar ratios NH+4/SO2−4 found on front (Teflon) filters, suggested a large predominance of (NH4)2SO4 among the different forms of sulphate. The concentration levels of gaseous HNO3 observed in the daytime were characterised by a maximum after midday, whereas particulate nitrate showed five times out of eight days an opposite trend with early afternoon minima. The total nitrate (HNO3+NH4NO3) showed in turn a diurnal pattern similar to that of sulphate. These findings led to the conclusion that a significant HNO3 production pathway involved the thermal dissociation of NH4NO3 rather than the reaction of NO2 with OH radical. |
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