Sphagnum mosses as archives of recent and past atmospheric lead deposition in Switzerland |
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| Institution: | 1. Geological Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;2. Isotope Geology Group, Mineralogical-Petrographical Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;3. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland;1. Earth and Environmental Science Department, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA;2. University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Appalachian Laboratory, Frostburg, MD, USA;1. DiBEST (Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy;2. Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, FST, IFHE, Hyderabad, 501 203, India;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769 008, India;1. Department of Signal Processing and Communications, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain;2. Department of Earth Physics and Astrophysics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;3. IGEO, Instituto de Geociencias (UCM/CSIC), Spain;1. School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States;2. Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States |
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| Abstract: | Sphagnum mosses received from a herbarium and collected recently from a peat bog surface, were used to assess the isotopic character of past and recent atmospheric Pb deposition in Switzerland and to constrain possible Pb sources. Lead removed from the moss surface was isotopically similar to that measured in the corresponding solid plant, suggesting that neither preservative actions for the herbarium samples nor dust had affected the isotopic composition of the samples. The addition of HCl to aqueous extracts to remove surface particles from the plants released more Pb compared to H2O alone. The changes in isotope ratios between Sphagnum collected during the past c. 130 yr were significantly greater than the small fluctuations between and among species collected at any one time. Three isotope ratio plots and emission inventories indicated that the most likely source of atmospheric Pb was coal-burning at the turn of the century, fly ash from waste incineration until approximately 1950, and gasoline combustion after that. The pollution record derived from the Sphagnum plants is in good agreement with other archives from Switzerland (peat, sediment, ice) and with other herbarium records in Europe. |
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