Source apportionment of PM2.5 and PM10 aerosols in Brisbane (Australia) by receptor modelling |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 10084, China;3. Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing 210000, China;1. School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China;2. Environmental Monitoring Center of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010011, China;3. Institute of Environmental Geology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China;4. Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China;5. Institute of Water Research for Pastoral Area, Ministry of Water Resources, Hohhot 010020, China;6. Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010021, China |
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| Abstract: | Aerosol samples for PM2.5 and PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 and 10 μm, respectively) were collected from 1993 to 1995 at five sites in Brisbane, a subtropical coastal city in Australia. This paper investigates the contributions of emission sources to PM2.5 and PM10 aerosol mass in Brisbane. Source apportionment results derived from the chemical mass balance (CMB), target transformation factor analysis (TTFA) and multiple linear regression (MLR) methods agree well with each other. The contributions from emission sources exhibit large variations in particle size with temporal and spatial differences. On average, the major contributors of PM10 aerosol mass in Brisbane include: soil/road side dusts (25% by mass), motor vehicle exhausts (13%, not including the secondary products), sea salt (12%), Ca-rich and Ti-rich compounds (11%, from cement works and mineral processing industries), biomass burning (7%), and elemental carbon and secondary products contribute to around 15% of the aerosol mass on average. The major sources of PM2.5 aerosols at the Griffith University (GU) site (a suburban site surrounded by forest area) are: elemental carbon (24% by mass), secondary organics (21%), biomass burning (15%) and secondary sulphate (14%). Most of the secondary products are related to motor vehicle exhausts, so, although motor vehicle exhausts contribute directly to only 6% of the PM2.5 aerosol mass, their total contribution (including their secondary products) could be substantial. This pattern of source contribution is similar to the results for Rozelle (Sydney) among the major Australian studies, and is less in contributions from industrial and motor vehicular exhausts than the other cities. An attempt was made to estimate the contribution of rural dust and road side dust. The results show that road side dusts could contribute more than half of the crustal matter. More than 80% of the contribution of vehicle exhausts arises from diesel-fuelled trucks/buses. Biomass burning, large contributions of crustal matter, and/or local contributing sources under calm weather conditions, are often the cause of the high PM10 episodes at the GU site in Brisbane. |
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