Understanding particulate matter formation in the California San Joaquin Valley: conceptual model and data needs |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji''nan 250100, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;4. Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;5. Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement, CNRS, 45071 Orléans cedex 02, France;1. Irstea-TETIS, 500, rue J. F. Breton, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France;2. LIRMM, 161, rue Ada, 34392 Montpellier Cedex 5, France;3. PPME, BP R4, 98851 Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia;4. AgroParisTech-TETIS, 500 rue J. F. Breton, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France |
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| Abstract: | Quantitative information from the 1995 Integrated Monitoring Study (IMS95) is used to develop a conceptual model, which describes the chemical characteristics and the physical processes responsible for the accumulation of PM in the San Joaquin Valley of California. One significant finding of the conceptual model is the sensitivity of ammonium nitrate (46% of winter PM2.5) and nitric acid to oxidants, which may be VOC-sensitive rather than NOx-sensitive. Key gaps in current knowledge are identified using the conceptual model, e.g., the relative sensitivity of winter oxidants to VOC and NOx, mechanistic details of secondary organic aerosol formation, mechanisms of dispersion under calm conditions, and the importance of dry deposition. Some recommendations are also provided for the formulation of air quality models suitable to address the accumulation of PM in the San Joaquin Valley. |
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