活性污泥系统微型动物群落特征及其与水温、溶氧的关系

于2002年7月至2003年7月对保定市银定庄污水处理厂活性污泥混合液中的微型动物群落做了为期1a的研究.共采集了49个水样,发现纤毛虫89种,其中自由游泳型纤毛虫12种,匍匐型纤毛虫13种,附着型纤毛虫38种,肉食型纤毛虫26种;鉴定到变形虫23种,其中有壳肉足虫5种,裸肉足虫18种;大型鞭毛虫共记录有8种;记录到的后生动物有轮虫、线虫和腹毛虫.附着型纤毛虫的密度占纤毛虫总密度的42.7%,匍匐型纤毛虫的密度占纤毛虫总密度的31.7%,肉食型纤毛虫的密度占纤毛虫总密度的21.2%,自由游泳型纤毛虫的密度占纤毛虫总密度的4.4%.附着型纤毛虫和匍匐型纤毛虫密度合计占纤毛虫总密度的74.4%,为纤毛虫中的优势类群.相关分析表明,锐利楯纤虫与水温呈非常显著的负相关,因此可作为低水温的指示生物;集盖虫与DO呈非常显著的负相关,可作为低DO的指示生物.表2参20

Activated Sludge Microfauna Community Structure Characteristics and Their Relationship with DO and Temperature

Microfauna play an important role in activated sludge system,and they maintain the density of bacterial populations by predation and contribute to the flocculation process,being responsible for an improvement in the quality of the effluent.Moreover,microfauna are considered to be important bioindicators of the activated sludge process due to their associations with physico-chemical and operational characteristics of the plants.A one-year research was carried out from July 2002 to July 2003 on the microfauna in mixed liquor with activated sludge from the Baoding Yindingzhuang Sewage Treatment Plant.A total of 49 samples were collected.Among 89 species of ciliates,12 species were free-swimming forms,13 species crawling forms and 38 species attached forms.26 species of carnivorous ciliates were recorded.23 species of amoebae were found,of which 5 species were testate amoebae and 18 species were naked amoebae.8 species of large flagellates were identified.Rotifers,nematodes and gastrotrichs were the metazoa recorded.The density of attached ciliates accounted for 42.7% of the total ciliates density,while crawling ciliates for 31.7%,carnivorous ciliates for 21.2% and free-swimming ciliates for 4.4%.So,the attached ciliates and crawling ciliates were the dominant groups of ciliates in the Yindingzhuang Sewage Treatment Plant.Correlation analysis revealed that Aspidisca lynceus had a significant negative correlation with temperature,so this species could be used as an indicator of low temperature of mixed liquor.Opercularia coarctata had a significant negative correlation with DO,so this species indicated a lack of dissolved oxygen in the aeration tank.Tab 2,Ref 20