分子生物学技术在菌根研究中的应用及其进展

近几年来，菌根分子生物学得到了较快发展；尤其是一些用于首根真菌ITS区域的特异引物先后设计并合成成功，进一步推动了菌根学在分子水平上的研究。分子生物学技术在留根真菌分类鉴定及亲缘关系研究上应用较多。在菌根菌竟争性和持续性研究上．DNA分析技术已成为最重要的研究手段之一。在这些研究中，专为菌根真菌ITS区域分析而设计的ITS1-F和ITS4-B两种特异引物应用最为普遍。本文对菌根DNA分析技术、PCR－RFLP技术做了简单介绍；综述了PCR、ITh－RFLP等分析技术在菌根菌分类、亲缘关系及菌种持续性等方面的研究和应用情况。

Use of Molecular Biological Techniques to Study Mycorrhiza: Advance and Perspectives

Since the introduction of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 1986, an ever increasing number of scientific applications have been reported, including the direct cloning, mutagenesis, sequencing and exact engineering of specific genes or gene sequences directly from genomic DNA or complementary DNA (cDNA).The success of PCR in generating and detecting specific DNA fragments has accelerated the use of molecular biology in many biological systems. Some taxon-selective primers, such as ITS1-F and ITS4-B, which were intended to be specific to fungi and basidiomycetes respectively, have been designed and tested to characterize fungal symbionts by amplification of specific sequences in the ITS (internal transcribed spacer) region in the nuclear ribosomal repeat unit. This review, is to offer examples of how PCR, ITS-RFLP techniques have been adopted and enhanced to study mycorrhizal associations, especially to study the survival and persistence of introduced mycorrhizal fungi in plantations. An attempt has been made to introduce some aspects of PCR based methods and to demonstrate the value of using its molecular potential in mycorrhizal research, where earlier methods of molecular biology have been difficult or impossible to use. These methods can be used to provide evidences of the persistence of introduced beneficial mycorrhizal fungi for forest plantations.