Influence of meteorological conditions on aerosol vertical distribution and composition off the Northeast American coastline |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Michigan Biological Station, 9133 Biological Rd., Pellston, MI 49769, USA;2. University of Michigan School of Natural Resources and Environment, 440 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;3. Alberta Environmental Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting Agency, 10th Floor, 9888 Jasper Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB T5J 5C6, Canada;4. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 1-26 Earth Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada;5. Program in Chemical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;6. Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA;7. Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Queen''s University, Biosciences Complex, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada;8. Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK;9. Saskatchewan Water Security Agency, 420-2365 Albert St., Regina, SK S4P 4K1, Canada;10. U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;11. St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN 55047, USA;12. Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340, USA;13. Washington State Department of Ecology, Environmental Assessment Program, P.O. Box 47600, Olympia, WA 98504, USA;14. U.S. Geological Survey, MS 973, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA;15. Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;p. Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science & Technology Directorate, Environment & Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada;q. Department of Fisheries and Oceans, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada;r. Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Institute of Ocean Sciences, P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada;s. U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Water Science Center, MS 415, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA;t. Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada;u. Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, 1036 Derby Hall, 154 North Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;v. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;w. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Calz. Joel Montes Camarena s/n, CP 82040 Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico;x. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;y. Geological Survey of Canada, 3303-33rd Street N.W., Calgary, AB T2L 2A7, Canada;z. U.S. Geological Survey, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754, USA;11. Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada;1. Planetary and Space Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;2. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan;3. Department of Chemistry, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK;4. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0356, USA;5. School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK;6. Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK |
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| Abstract: | The size distribution and composition of lower tropospheric aerosols were measured off the northeast American coastline under clear air and disturbed meteorological conditions. Under the clear air conditions observed on 5 August 1982, with air flow from west to east, sulfate-rich stratified layers are the dominant feature of aerosol distribution in the lowest 3000 m of the troposphere. The encroachment of a warm frontal system over the study area on 9 August 1982 resulted in dramatic changes in aerosol distribution and composition prior to any precipitation, probably due to increased vertical mixing and dilution of pollutant aerosols. Chloride becomes the dominant water soluble anion in the lower 3000 m, primarily due to a several fold decrease in sulfate. Although these results are limited to only two sets of measurements, the data indicate the variability which can occur in the tropospheric vertical aerosol distributions at remote locations. A knowledge of the structure and stability of these stratified layers is of particular importance to studies of the ocean-troposphere chemistry problem. |
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