The effect of chlorine on the formation of photochemical oxidants in Southern Telemark,Norway |
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| Affiliation: | 2. Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia;1. Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA;2. Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environmental Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-752, South Korea;3. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;4. Atlanta Research & Education Foundation, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA;1. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Environmental Microbiology and Food Safety Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;2. Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, 0112 Skinner Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA;3. College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, PR China;1. Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam 788010, India;2. Department of Physics, Don Bosco College, Tura, Meghalaya 794002, India;3. Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India;4. Department of Physics, Karimganj College, Karimganj, Assam 788710, India;5. Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong 793003, India |
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| Abstract: | Hourly average concentrations of up to 15 ppbv of PAN were measured during the summer 1982 a few km downwind of the chemical industries in southern Telemark, Norway, in sea breeze situations. The O3/PAN ratio was as low as 6 by volume for the highest PAN concentrations. The chemical industries are emitters of, among other gases, C12, NOx, SO2, and hydrocarbons. A model for the chemistry and dilution of the plume from the main industrial complex is described. The emission of C12 seems to be the cause of the photochemical activity. The release of atomic chlorine through the rapid photodissociation of C12 is calculated to give maximum hydroxyl concentration close downwind of the main industrial complex where also the peak concentrations of SO2 and NOx are found, giving rise to rapid nitric acid and sulphate formation. A reduction in the NOx emissions would increase the photochemical activity, while it is calculated that reducing the C12 emissions would reduce the formation of photochemical oxidants. It is shown that PAN is a much better indicator of the photochemical activity than O3. |
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