低可见度情况下从众行为对疏散的影响分析

在火灾等紧急情况下，可见度较低时的行人疏散与正常时的疏散情况有明显的区 别。基于前人成果的基础上，通过引入从众效应阐述了可见度较低时的元胞自动机疏散 理论模型，并定义区分了普遍性从众、理性从众和盲目从众。研究结果表明:理性从众 对疏散能够起到良好的优化作用；盲目从众对疏散的作用效果具有不可预测性，在某些 情况下盲目从众甚至会对疏散起到严重阻碍的作用。因此，建议在条件允许的条件下积 极采用理性从众的行为方式，尽量避免采用盲目从众。研究还发现，理性从众对疏散的 优化效果基本不受初始行人数量、出口宽度和可视距离的影响。

Influence of herd behavior on evacuation under limited visibility

In emergencies such as fire, pedestrian evacuation under limited visibility is significantly different from normal situation. On the basis of previous studies, a cellular automata evacuation theoretical model for limited visibility was presented by introducing into the herd effect, and the universal herd, rational herd and blind herd were defined and distinguished. The results showed that the rational herd can play a good optimization role for evacuation, while the role of blind herd for evacuation has a unpredictability, in some cases, the blind herd even plays a severe block role for evacuation. So it was suggested to actively adopt the behavior way of rational herd if the conditions allow, and try to avoid adopting the blind herd. In further research, it was found that the optimization effect of rational herd on evacuation is basically not affected by the initial pedestrian number, exit width and visible distance.