道化学评价法的改进及其在联合站安全评价中的应用

道化学评价法是一种在化学工业领域应用广泛的安全评价方法，针对道化学评价法评价未考虑人员、环境及设备维护等因素而使评价结果不够准确的情况，提出了在安全补偿系数选取中引入物质系数修正、人因危险补偿系数、环境补偿系数和设备状态补偿系数对道化学法进行改进。首先通过对物质燃烧性进行温度修正获取实际情况下的物质系数值，同时通过统计数据分析计算出人因行为概率，进而计算人因危险补偿系数，此外结合设备可靠度引入了设备状态补偿系数。将以上改进方法应用到某油田联合站原油稳定装置和轻烃储罐装置的安全评价中，结果表明经过改进的道化学评价法能更客观地反映实际情况，评价结果更准确，同时根据改进后得到的危险等级提出了稳定装置及轻烃储罐装置安全运行的对策措施，最后结合事故案例对比了传统道化学和改进道化学的结果，说明了改进方法的准确性和优势。

Improvement of Dow's chemical evaluation method and its application in safety evaluation of combination station

Dow's chemical evaluation method is a safety evaluation method being widely applied in the chemical industry. Aiming at the situation that the evaluation results of Dow's chemical evaluation method are not accurate enough because the factors such as personnel, environment and equipment maintenance have not been considered, it was put forward to improve the Dow's chemical evaluation method by introducing the material factor correction, human factor risk compensation coefficient, environmental compensation coefficient and equipment state compensation coefficient into the selection of safety compensation coefficients. Firstly, the temperature correction was conducted on the material combustibility to obtain the material coefficient under actual circumstances. At the same time, the human factor behavior probability was calculated through statistical data analysis, thus the human factor risk compensation coefficient was calculated. In addition, the equipment state compensation coefficient was introduced combined with equipment reliability. The above improved method was applied in the safety evaluation of the crude oil stabilizing device and the light hydrocarbon storage tanks in a combination station of a certain oil field. It showed that the improved Dow's chemical evaluation method can reflect the actual situation more objectively, and the evaluation results were more accurate. According to the obtained risk level after improvement, the countermeasures for the safe operation of the stabilizing device and the light hydrocarbon storage tanks were put forward. Finally, the results of traditional and improved Dow's chemical evaluation method were compared combining with the accident cases, which illustrated the accuracy and advantages of the improved method.