基于层层自组装技术制备的吸油型聚氨酯泡沫材料及其性能研究

利用高效吸油材料处理溢油事故是一种简单有效的方法。针对现有吸油材料吸油效率较低、制备方式复杂的问题，采用层层自组装技术，将钠基蒙脱土填充的涂层构筑于软质聚氨酯泡沫表面，经过后续疏水改性处理，制备了具有超疏水超亲油表面的聚氨酯泡沫材料。材料测试结果表明:组装4层涂层改性的聚氨酯泡沫水接触角达到135°，对不同种类油品的吸油重量能达到自身重量的30~60倍；油水混合物中的吸油效果也显示其能有效处理水面、水下油污。宏观燃烧实验测试结果表明制备的改性聚氨酯泡沫具有良好的阻燃性能。采用上述简单易行的制备技术制得的吸油材料，可成功应用于油水分离，具有良好的应用前景。

Study on oil absorption polyurethane foam material prepared by layer-by-layer self-assembly technology and its performance

It's a simple and effective method to treat the oil spill accident by using high-efficiency oil absorption material. Aiming at the problems that the current oil absorption materials have lower oil absorption efficiency and complex preparation method, the coating filled by na-montmorillonite was constructed on the surface of flexible polyurethane foam by using the layer-by-layer self-assembly technology, and the polyurethane foam material with super-hydrophobic and super-oleophilic surface was prepared through the following hydrophobic modification treatment. The results of material tests showed that the water contact angle of polyurethane foam assembled by four-layers coating modification reached 135°, the oil absorption weight for different types of oil could reach 30-60 times of its own weight, and the oil absorption effect in oil/water mixture also showed that it can treat the oil on the water surface and under water effectively. The results of macro combustion experiments showed that the modified polyurethane foam has good flame retardancy. The oil absorption material prepared by the simple preparation technology can be successfully applied in oil/water separation, and it has better application prospect.