基于GIS的某训练场土壤重金属污染评价

以中国西南地区某训练场的坦克射击区为研究对象,监测并分析了土壤中Pb、Cu、Zn、Co和Ni的含量;采用单因子指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法评价了采样区的重金属污染状况,同时运用Arcgis软件分析制定出了采样区的污染指数分布图.评价结果表明,坦克射击区Pb、Cu、Zn、Co和Ni分别存在不同程度的污染,重金属内梅罗综合污染指数平均为1.64;Co的单因子指数最高达到了3.84,是未来土壤重金属污染控制中优先关注的元素;污染指数分布图显示,落弹区土壤的重金属污染尤为严重.Cu和Pb污染分布特征较相似,Zn、Co、Ni特征较相似.分析认为,在射击场各种条件综合作用下,Ni和Pb扩散性较强,Cu扩散性较弱;重金属污染源来自于炮弹残片、子弹弹头、火炸药等;残留在土壤中的炮弹残片和子弹弹头会给土壤带来持久性的重金属污染.

Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soils from a Training Ground Based on GIS

In this paper, a tank shooting range in a training ground in the southwest of China was investigated, and the content of Cu, Pb, Zn, Co and Ni in the soil was monitored and analyzed. Evaluation of pollution in the sampling area was applied through the single factor index method and the composite pollution index Nemrow method, and the pollution index distribution map was worked out by Arcgis software. The evaluation result shows that: Cu, Pb, Zn, Co and Ni in the tank shooting range have different degrees of pollution respectively, the average composite pollution index Nemrow reaches 1.64.The highest single-factor pollution index of Co reaches 3.84, so Co is the priority element to be monitored in the heavy metal pollution control of soil in future. The pollution index distribution map shows that: the heavy metal pollution is particularly serious in the area of dropping bombs. The pollution distributing characters of Cu and Pb are similar, Zn, Co and Ni have similar characters. The author considers that, the migration of Ni and Pb is strong under the combined effect of various conditions in the shooting range, and the migration of Cu is weak. The sources of heavy metal pollution comprise residual cannonballs, bullets, and explosives. The residual shells and bullets in the soil could lead to a permanent soil contamination of heavy metals.