Levels and distribution of brominated flame retardants in the soil
of Harbin in China |
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Authors: | WANG Xu REN Nanqi QI Hong MA Wanli and LI Yifan |
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Institution: | 1. International Joint research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances IJRC-PTS,State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment SKLUWRE,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150090,China 2. International Joint research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances IJRC-PTS,State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment SKLUWRE,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150090,China;Science and Technology Branch,Environment Canada,Toronto,Ontario,M3H 5T4,Canada |
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Abstract: | This study reports the presence of brominated flame retardants in the topsoil in and around Harbin, a city in northeastern China.
Samples of soil were collected from 17 locations in 2006, and the levels of 9 polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs 17, 28, 47, 66, 99,
100, 153, 154, and 183) ranged from 2.45 to 55.9 pg/g dry weight (dw) with a mean of 26.3 pg/g dw. These levels are very low comparing
with those for some cities in Europe and USA. BDE 209 and hexabromocyclododecane were the two dominant congeners, with mean
concentrations of 520 pg/g dw and 1750 pg/g dw, respectively. The concentrations of the total nine PBDE congeners clearly decreased
from urban areas to background, but the compositions of individual congeners di ered. Proportions of heavier congeners decreased
while those of lighter congeners increased, along urban-rural-background transect, providing evidence for an urban fractionation e ect.
Correlation analysis indicated similar sources for PBDEs, hexabromocyclododecane, and 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-ethane from
urban areas but pentabromoethylbenzene was probably present due to long-range atmospheric transport. Principal component analysis
was used to determine the characteristics of the relationships among these brominated flame retardants in the field. |
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Keywords: | brominated flame retardants polybrominated diphenylether residue |
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