底泥疏浚对竺山湖底栖生物群落结构变化及水质影响

结合2008年年底在竺山湖进行的底泥清淤工程,调查了底泥疏浚6个月后对大型底栖动物的群落结构的影响及水质变化.结果表明,疏浚区和未疏浚区底栖动物均以霍普水丝蚓、摇蚊和铜锈环棱螺3种生物为主;同未疏浚区相比,疏浚后生物多样性降低,但生物量增加.受外源污染影响,上覆水体中TN、TP含量变化幅度分别为1.64～4.45mg/L和0.133～0.258mg/L,较高的水体营养盐含量,使得疏浚后的新生底泥仍处于营养盐较高的状态,从而使得底栖动物群落组成以生活于污染较重的物种为主.采用Shannon-Weaver、Simpson和Goodnight指数对底栖生物进行评价,结果表明疏浚区处于中度污染,未疏浚区处于中-重度污染状态.结合底栖动物调查和水质监测结果,只有在严格控制外源污染对水体的影响后,底泥疏浚才能起到应有的作用.

Effects of Sediment Dredging on Benthos Community Structure and Water Quality in Zhushan Bay

We surveyed the changes of macro-benthos community composition and nutrients concentration in water in Zhushan Bay after it had been dredged 6 months, which aimed to remove the polluted surface sediments. The results showed that the main benthos in the dredged and un-dredged sediments were Limodrilus hoffmeisteri, Pelopia and Bellamya aeruginosa; compared to the un-dredged sediments, the bio-diversity of dredged areas became lower. However, its biomass became higher than that in un-dredged areas. Concentration range changes of TN and TP in overlying water was 1.64-4.45 mg/L and 0.133-0.258 mg/L, respectively. The post-dredged sediments were still in a higher state of nutrients for the higher concentration nutrients in overlying water, macro-benthos were the species that lived in a serious polluted water environment. Using Shannon-Weaver, Simpson, and Goodnight benthic index to evaluate the results show that the dredged area is in the moderately polluted level, but un-dredged area is in the middle-heavily polluted level. According to the benthos fauna surveys and water quality monitoring results, the effective of sediment dredging could play its role only the strict control on the external pollution resources have been made and reduces the effects of polluted water on the sediments.