Multivariate analysis of mineral constituents of edible Parasol Mushroom (Macrolepiota procera) and soils beneath fruiting bodies collected from Northern Poland |
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Authors: | Magdalena Gucia Gra?yna Jarzyńska El?bieta Rafa? Magdalena Roszak Anna K Kojta Irena Osiej Jerzy Falandysz |
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Institution: | (1) Research Group of Environmental Chemistry, Ecotoxicology and Food Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, University of Gdańsk, 18 Sobieskiego Str, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland; |
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Abstract: | Caps and stipes of 141 fruiting bodies of Parasol Mushroom (Macrolepiota procera) and surface layer of soils collected from 11 spatially distant and background (pristine) areas in Northern Poland were analyzed
for Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sr, and Zn by inductively coupled plasma optical
emission spectroscopy and cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy. In terms of bioconcentration and bioexclusion concept,
K, Ag, Cu, Rb, and P were highly bioconcentrated in caps, and their bioconcentration factor values varied for the 11 sites
between 120 and 500—67–420, 70–220, 10–170, and 45–100, respectively. Cd, Zn, Mg, and Na showed bioconcentration factors (BCFs)
between 3.3 and 36, 3.7–15, 0.92–6.3, and 1.4–44 while Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Sr were excluded (BCF < 1). The
Parasol Mushroom is a species harvested in the wild, and its caps are of unique taste and can contain a spectrum of essential
and hazardous mineral compounds accumulated at elevated concentrations, even if collected at the background (pristine) areas.
These elevated mineral concentrations of the caps are due to the efficient bioconcentration potential of the species (K, Ag,
Cu, Rb, P, Cd, Zn, Mg, and Na) and abundance in the soil substrates (Al, Ca, Fe, Mn). The estimated intake rates of Cd, Hg,
and Pb contained in Parasol Mushroom’s caps show a cause for concern associated with these metals resulting from the consumption
of between 300- and 500-g caps daily, on a frequent basis in the mushrooming season. |
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