我国典型核电厂址海域中广域性鱼类的热耐受性研究

开展温排水对受纳水体中海洋生物的热耐受性研究，是温排水环境影响评价及其排放控制标准建立和完善的必要环节和重要依据。本文以红沿河、石岛湾、三门和台山4个典型核电厂址邻近海域作为研究区域，选取典型核电厂址海域内共有的广域性鱼类（即矛尾鰕虎鱼（chaeturichthys stigmatias）），通过受控实验研究目标鱼类的高起始致死温度及不同季节中温升速率对其耐温能力即最高临界温度的影响。试验结果表明:温升速率对不同厂址海域捕获的矛尾鰕虎鱼在不同季节的最大临界温度（critical temperature maximum，CTM）的影响规律不同；CTM和24 h高起始致死温度（upper incipient lethal temperature，UILT₅₀）与试验起始温度成正比；同一物种CTM的主要影响因素除了温升速率、试验起始温度，还有物种个体大小、生长发育阶段等其他关键因素；相同条件下矛尾鰕虎鱼的CTM均高于其24 hUILT₅₀。

Study on the thermal tolerance of wide-area fish in the typical coastal NPP sites in China

The study on the thermal tolerance of marine organisms in the receiving water body of thermal discharge is an essential part and important basis for establishing and perfecting the assessment of environmental impact of thermal discharge and its emission control standards.The adjacent waters of four typical coastal nuclear power plants (Hongyanhe, Shidao bay, Sanmen and Taishan NPP) were chosen as the research objects.The Chaeturichthys stigmatias was selected as the wide-area fish in the four typical coastal sites.The CTM (critical temperature maximum) tests and UILT₅₀ (upper incipient lethal temperature) tests of the Chaeturichthys stigmatias were carried out.According to the results of these two kinds of tests, the rates of temperature rise had different effects on the CTM value of Chaeturichthys stigmatias captured from different sea areas in different seasons; the CTM and 24-hour UILT₅₀ were in direct proportion to the initial temperature of the test; except for the rates of temperature rise and the initial temperatures of the tests, other key factors, such as the individual size and the growth stages of the species, were also the main influencing factors of the CTM value of the same species; the CTM of Chaeturichthys stigmatias was higher than its 24-hour UILT₅₀ under the same condition.