中国农村地震灾害特点及减灾对策

致灾因子强度和承灾体的脆弱性共同决定了灾情的大小.中国农村乡镇发生地震的概率远远高于大中城市,西藏、新疆、云南、宁夏、青海、甘肃等西部农村乡镇是我国地震灾害最为严重的地区.地震灾害对农村乡镇造成的损失,主要是农村居民住房的破坏,约占总损失的80%以上;其它的20%损失中,又以农村水利工程的破坏损失为主.目前我国农村乡镇居民的住房仍以抗震性能较差的土木、砖木结构为主,开展农村住房地震保险、农村低息住房贷款并加强农村建房的监督管理,是降低农村地震风险、减轻农村地震灾害损失的主要对策.

Characteristics of seismic disaster in rural area and relative disaster reduction countermeasures in China

The intensity of hazard-formative factors and the vulnerability of hazard-affected bodies decides the extent of disaster effects. The probability of earthquake occurredin country is more larger than that in cities of China. The countries in western provinces of China,such as the villages and towns in Tiber, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Ningxia, Qinghai, and Gansu province, are the high seismic frequency region. Housings of country residents destroyed by the seimic disaster are the main disaster losses in China. Above 80% of total economic disaster is the destroyed housing, other disaster losess is the destroyed water conservancy project. Now most of resident housing types in China country are the adobe house and the brick house. The seismic resistance of these houses is very poor. So the implementation of property insurance and housing loan in country is the main policy of reducing the seismic risk.